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This 116-page report presents the results of an investigation by the Utah Geological Survey of land subsidence and earth fissures in Cedar Valley, Iron County, Utah. Basin-fill sediments of the Cedar Valley Aquifer contain a high percentage of fine-grained material susceptible to compaction upon dewatering. Groundwater discharge in excess of recharge (groundwater mining) has lowered the potentiometric surface in Cedar Valley as much as 114 feet since 1939. Groundwater mining has caused permanent compaction of fine-grained sediments of the Cedar Valley aquifer, which has caused the land surface to subside, and a minimum of 8.3 miles of earth fissures to form. Recently acquired interferometric synthetic aperture radar imagery shows that land subsidence has affected approximately 100 mi² in Cedar Valley, but a lack of accurate historical benchmark elevation data over much of the valley prevents its detailed quantification. Continued groundwater mining and resultant subsidence will likely cause existing fissures to lengthen and new fissures to form which may eventually impact developed areas in Cedar Valley. This report also includes possible aquifer management options to help mitigate subsidence and fissure formation, and recommended guidelines for conducting subsidence-related hazard investigations prior to development.
The book summarizes the knowledge and experiences concerning the role of halogens during various geochemical processes, such as diagenesis, ore-formation, magma evolution, metasomatism, mineralization, and metamorphism in the crust and mantle of the Earth. It comprises the role of halogens in other terrestrial worlds like volatile-rich asteroids, Mars, and the ice moons of Jupiter and Saturn. Review chapters outline and expand upon the basis of our current understanding regarding how halogens contribute to the geochemical/geophysical evolution and stability of terrestrial worlds overall.
Kane County, with its 4105 square miles, lies along the south-central margin of Utah and is found in the western part of the Colorado Plateaus physiographic province. It is famous for scenic beauty displayed in its colorful rock formations and other geologic features such as faults, folds, arches, monoclines, joints, cross beds, cliffs, lava fields, and canyons. Kane County contains parts of Bryce and Zion National Parks, the Glen Canyon Recreation Area, and it is home to the Coral Pink Sand Dunes and Kodachrome Basin State Parks. The county area has had an interesting geologic history and important fossil finds have added much to our knowledge of world geology. The total value of the mineral production of Kane County, Utah through 1985 is estimated at $21,854,000, of which more than 95 percent is attributed to construction materials, mined or quarried to build and maintain highways. Sand and gravel, crushed stone, coal, gemstones, pumice and volcanic ash, manganese ore, gold, uranium, silver, copper and lead were or have been produced, with the most important current commodities being construction and gem materials. The annual rate of production of these items is erratic, but the value averages a few hundred thousand dollars annually. The production of the construction materials is dependent on the schedules of the Utah Department of Transportation and other road building agencies. Gem materials are mined intermittently to supply the tourist trade. Currently, there are no large, regularly producing mining operations in the county. Other mineral deposits reported in Kane County include titanium and zirconium, gypsum and anhydrite, limestone and dolomite, clay, and vanadium. About 29 tests for petroleum have thus far been drilled without significant success. However, many had interesting shows of oil and gas and the potential for discovery remains high. 192 pages + 10 plates
This book is for geoscience students taking introductory or intermediate-level courses in igneous petrology, to help develop key skills (and confidence) in identifying igneous minerals, interpreting and allocating appropriate names to unknown rocks presented to them. The book thus serves, uniquely, both as a conventional course text and as a practical laboratory manual. Following an introduction reviewing igneous nomenclature, each chapter addresses a specific compositional category of magmatic rocks, covering definition, mineralogy, eruption/ emplacement processes, textures and crystallization processes, geotectonic distribution, geochemistry, and aspects of magma genesis. One chapter is devoted to phase equilibrium experiments and magma evolution; another introduces pyroclastic volcanology. Each chapter concludes with exercises, with the answers being provided at the end of the book. Appendices provide a summary of techniques and optical data for microscope mineral identification, an introduction to petrographic calculations, a glossary of petrological terms, and a list of symbols and units. The book is richly illustrated with line drawings, monochrome pictures and colour plates. Additional resources for this book can be found at: http://www.wiley.com/go/gill/igneous.