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Roger Nash Baldwin's thirty-year tenure as director of the ACLU marked the period when the modern understanding of the Bill of Rights came into being. Spearheaded by Baldwin, volunteer attorneys of the caliber of Clarence Darrow, Arthur Garfield Hays, Osmond Frankel, and Edward Ennis transformed the constitutional landscape. Company police forces were dismantled. Antievolutionists were discredited (thanks to the Scopes Trial). Censorship of such works as James Joyce's Ulysses was halted. The Scottsboro Boys and Sacco and Vanzetti were defended. The right of free speech for communists and Ku Klux Klansmen alike was upheld, and the foundations were laid for an end to school segregation. Robert Cottrell's magnificent book recaptures the accomplishments and contradictions of the complicated man at the center of these events. Driven, vain, frugal, and tempestuous, America's greatest civil libertarian was initially also a staunch defender of Communist Russia, deferred to the U.S. government over the internment of Japanese Americans, and openly admired J. Edgar Hoover and Douglas MacArthur. His personal relationships were equally complex. Spanning a hundred years from the late 1800s through Baldwin's death in 1981, this riveting biography is an eye-opening view of the development of the American left.
"No fight for civil liberties ever stays won," wrote Roger Baldwin (1884-1981) in 1971. He was in a position to know. After working hard to preserve the right of Americans to free expression during World War I, he founded the American Civil Liberties Union in 1920. The ACLU quickly became, and remains to this day, the staunchest defender of American civil liberties. Woody Klein has selected from the vast writings of Baldwin those essays that are most pertinent to the civil liberties debate today. Each chapter offers writings that focus on a particular theme, such as national security or the invasion of privacy. Each is followed by commentary, commissioned specifically for this book, from some of America's most prominent politicians and journalists. The stellar contributors include : BLArthur M. Schlesinger Jr., the Pulitzer Prize-winning author of A Thousand Days, about the administration of John F. Kennedy; BLSenator Robert C. Byrd (D-WV), who has repeatedly spoken out in Congress against the war in Iraq and the U.S.A. Patriot Act; BLAnthony Lewis, Pulitzer Prize-winning columnist for the New York Times; BLSenator Russell D. Feingold (D-WI), who cast the Senate's lone vote against the U.S.A. Patriot Act; BLNat Henthoff, a nationally known award-winning journalist and columnist for the Village Voice BLWilliam Sloane Coffin Jr., clergyman and longtime peace activist; BLVictor Navasky, editor and publisher of the Nation; BLIra Glasser, former Executive Director of the ACLU; and BLAryeh Neier, head of the Open Society Institute and the Soros Foundations network since 1993.