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It is common knowledge that development without security is like a runaway horse. Yet, development in Africa has been plagued by insecurities since the extractive periods of slave trade and colonialism. In spite of political independence and the euphoria of sovereignty as states, Africa has failed to address insecurity, which continues to loom large and to threaten aspirations towards truly inclusive and sustainable development. A consequence has been Africa’s development naivety vis-à-vis the monopolisation of development by the predatory elite actors of the global North and their local facilitators. To salvage the continent from such predation and the insecurities engendered requires novel and innovative imagination and praxis. This book draws from both the haunted landscapes and bitter memories of past exploitations and from the feeding of the insatiable North with African resources and humanity. It brings together essays by a concerned generation of scholars driven by the urgent need for radical decolonisation of African development and its legacies of insecurities. It is handy to students and practitioners in economics, policy studies, political science, development studies, global and African studies.
Assembling Export Markets explores the new ‘frontier regions’ of the global fresh produce market that has emerged in Ghana over the past decade. Represents a major and empirically rich contribution to the emerging field of the social studies of economization and marketization Offers one of the first ethnographic accounts on the making of global commodity chains ‘from below’ Denaturalizes global markets by unpacking their local engagement, materially entangled construction, need for maintenance, and fragile character Offers a trans-disciplinary engagement with the construction and extension of market relations in two frontier regions of global capitalism Critically examines the opportunities and risks for firms and farms in Ghana entering global fresh produce markets
The New Microfinance Handbook provides a detailed overview of client financial service needs, the various providers and financial products and services that meet those needs, and the supporting functions that allow the financial market system to provide better, more appropriate financial services to the poor sustainably.
Empowerment of those living in poverty is both a critical driver and an important measure of poverty reduction. This report aims to build donor understanding of empowerment and how best to support it.
The world’s population is expected to reach 9.8 billion in 2050. Meanwhile, concurrent rises in incomes and urbanization are driving increased consumption of meat, dairy, and biofuels. Meeting the demand for food, feed, and biofuel will require a global production increase of almost 50 percent relative to 2012. Production in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa—where 95 percent of farms are smaller than five hectares—must double at a minimum. A key element of policies to increase food production will be promoting improved food quality, as the health costs of too much, too little, and the wrong types of food become increasingly evident. Additional initiatives must address how to reduce food losses; globally, one-third of food production is lost or wasted at different stages in the food chain each year. Climate change is bringing further stressors. These challenges also present opportunities. Around the world, 450 million smallholder farmers are plagued by low productivity and poor access to inputs, technology, knowledge, financing, and markets. Agribusinesses are increasingly working directly with smallholder farmers in low- and middle-income countries to help secure a sustainable supply of key agricultural commodities while boosting rural incomes and economic growth. Sourcing directly from smallholders can expand a firm’s supply base, reduce margins paid to collectors and middlemen, facilitate improvements in quality and yield, and deliver premium prices for a certified fair-trade or sustainably produced product. Smallholders also represent a growing market for farm inputs, information, and financial services. Agribusiness firms can help smallholders to increase productivity and improve crop quality; access know-how to mitigate social and environmental impacts; develop farm management skills and combine their production with other farmers to achieve sufficient scale to be effective market players; and meet the growing demand for safe, sustainable food by improving practices and introducing traceability and certification systems. Working with Smallholders: A Handbook for Firms Building Sustainable Supply Chains shows how agribusinesses can develop more sustainable, resilient, and productive supply chains and illustrates the substantial impact of doing so on development. The book compiles innovative solutions and cutting-edge ideas to meet the challenges, and it incorporates a diverse collection of hands-on case studies from across the world that cover a variety of agribusiness sectors. This second edition builds on the lessons learned and provides updates in leading trends and technologies from those provided in the first edition published in 2014.
There has been a dramatic spread of health markets in much of Asia and Africa over the past couple of decades. This has substantially increased the availability of health-related goods and services in all but the most remote localities, but it has created problems with safety, efficiency and cost. This book documents the problems associated with unregulated health markets and presents innovative approaches that have emerged to address them.
Governments, nongovernmental organizations, donors, and the private sector have increasingly embraced value-chain development (VCD) for stimulating economic growth and combating rural poverty. Innovation for Inclusive Value-Chain Development: Successes and Challenges helps to fill the current gap in systematic knowledge about how well VCD has performed, related trade-offs or undesired effects, and which combinations of VCD elements are most likely to reduce poverty and deliver on overall development goals. This book uses case studies to examine a range of VCD experiences. Approaching the subject from various angles, it looks at new linkages to markets and the role of farmer organizations and contract farming in raising productivity and access to markets, the minimum assets requirement to participate in VCD, the role of multi-stakeholder platforms in VCD, and how to measure and identify successful VCD interventions. The book also explores the challenges livestock-dependent people face; how urbanization and advancing technologies affect linkages; ways to increase gender inclusion and economic growth; and the different roles various types of platforms play in VCD.
While there have been numerous books and articles written on the popular topic of microfinance , few books have been written on the business model behind it: the microenterprise . Due to its diversity of thought and high quality of chapter contributions, this book is poised to be the book on microenterprises . Contemporary Microenterprise is a collage of the latest research and viewpoints on the subject by recognized academics and experts from around the globe. Through the confluence of diverse and profound voices from around the world, very small (micro) businesses have proven to be the most prevalent and fastest-growing business form, and a suitable model for enterprise survival and success in a challenging global economy. Joseph Mark Munoz has brought together an international cast of contributors, and draws insights from concepts and cases from locations such as Vietnam, the United States, Latin America and Africa. The chapters include conceptual frameworks and research that yield valuable lessons and practical business solutions. The broad scope of this compendium, coupled with its careful attention to detail, will be of critical value to business students and their professors, industry executives, government officials, policymakers, consultants and entrepreneurs.
This report presents the data from a midline data collection effort as part of the impact evaluation of Phase II of the Innovation for Agribusiness (INOVAGRO II) intervention in northern Mozambique. INOVAGRO II is a development program intended to decrease rural poverty by improving the connectedness of farmers to market systems. The midline data were collected during the intervention phase, in two districts in Zambézia province - Alto Molócue and Molumbo - during the months of late October to December of 2017. The questionnaire focused on agricultural production and market access for all crops, and particularly for the INOVAGRO value chain crops - soybean, pigeon pea, and maize. The purpose of the report is to describe the data, focusing on key variables.
Accelerating urbanization worldwide means more urban-centered disasters. Floods, earthquakes, storms and conflicts affecting densely populated areas produce significant losses in lives, livelihoods and the built environment, especially in comparison to rural areas. Poor urban dwellers, almost always the most vulnerable, too often bear the brunt. Aid agencies and urban professionals have been slowly adapting to these new conditions, but older models and practices hinder the most effective engagements. Drawing directly from the experiences of urban disasters in the Philippines, Chile, India, Thailand, Iraq, Haiti and Nepal, among other countries, Urban Disaster Resilience brings to light new collaborations and techniques for addressing the challenges of urban disasters in the coming years. Chapters range from country-specific case studies to more synthetic frameworks in order to promote innovative thinking and practical solutions. Edited by David Sanderson, Jerold S. Kayden and Julia Leis, this book is a crucial read for humanitarian and disaster specialists, urban planners and designers, architects, landscape architects, housing and economic development professionals, real estate developers, private business managers and students interested in the subject, whether based in non-governmental organizations, local, state or national governments, international agencies, private firms, or the academy.