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Data on the meteorological parameters pertinent to the aircraft icing problem are so summarized as to give the frequency of occurrence of observed icing situations according to two of the parameters. The summarized data indicate that statistical relations exist between some of the parameters. A method, based upon the collection efficiency of an airfoil and the frequency occurrence of icing situations with various liquid-water contents and mean-effective droplet sizes, is proposed for the selection of design criterions for ice-protection equipment. The method provides a convenient means of calculating the percenteage of icing encounters in which the water collection exceeds the design rate.
The heating requirements for several methods of icing protection for a typical turbojet transport airplane operating over a probable range of icing conditions are evaluated, and the airplane performance penalties associated with providing this protection from various energy source are assessed. Continuous heating requirements and airplane penalties for the turbojet transport are considered considerably increased over those for lower-speed aircraft. Heating requirements can be substantially reduced by use of a cyclic de-icing system and choice of the proper energy source.
A statistical survey and preliminary analysis are made of icing data collected from scheduled flights over the United States and Canada from November 1951 to June 1952 by airline aircraft equipped with NACA pressure-type icing-rate meters. This interim report presents information obtained from a continuing program sponsored by the NACA with the cooperation of the airlines.
Available information on the hail phenomenon affecting aircraft in flight has been examined. This paper attempts to coordinate the present knowledge of hail with the effect of hail on aircraft in flight and includes (1) a digest of the literature on the physical properties, the occurrence, and the formation of hai; (2) a survey of the hail effect on aircraft in flight from analyses of 57 cases of airplanes damaged by hail; (3) a resume of hail information for the benefit of pilots, forecasters, and ground operational personnel; (4) an annotated bibliography of 552 articles for use of research personnel.