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In this dissertation, wave propagation and limited-diffraction beams are further studied to gain a deep understanding of their principles and applications in ultrasonic imaging. With the concept of angular spectrum, the ultrasound fields generated by array transducers are mapped as the summation of limited-diffraction beams. A new method of spatial impulse response based on simple algebraic operations instead of complex geometrical considerations for rectangular arrays is derived. Numerical and experimental results show that the method developed has a high accuracy and efficiency. Based on the knowledge of previous studies, a general theory of Fourier based imaging method is developed from the diffraction tomography theory that solves the inhomogeneous Helmoholtz equation under the Born approximation. The object function defined in this theory is more naturally linked to the physical properties of the object, such as the relative change of local compressibility and density. With this treatment, limited-diffraction array beam and broad-band steered plane wave transmissions studied previously are included, in addition to other previously studied imaging methods. A relationship between the Fourier transform of the echo data and that of the object function is established. The theory is developed directly in 3D. Computer simulations, imaging experiments for wire targets, tissue-mimicking phantoms, and in vivo kidney and heart are carried out to verify the theory using the high frame rate imaging system. To study various methods on wave propagations, limited diffraction beams, and high frame rate imaging, logics and programs are designed and implemented for a general-purpose high-frame-rate ultrasound imaging system. The system has 128 independent transmit and receive channels, each has a high-speed, high-precision A/D, D/A, and a large storage. The system is flexible for various ultrasound experiments.
This continuation and extension of the successful book "Localized Waves" by the same editors brings together leading researchers in non-diffractive waves to cover the most important results in their field and as such is the first to present the current state. The well-balanced presentation of theory and experiments guides readers through the background of different types of non-diffractive waves, their generation, propagation, and possible applications. The authors include a historical account of the development of the field, and cover different types of non-diffractive waves, including Airy waves and realistic, finite-energy solutions suitable for experimental realization. Apart from basic research, the concepts explained here have promising applications in a wide range of technologies, from wireless communication to acoustics and bio-medical imaging.
Recent advances in wave propagation in random media are certainly consequences of new approaches to fundamental issues, as well as of a strong interest in potential applications. A collective effort has been made to present in this book the state of the art in fundamental concepts, as well as in biomedical imaging techniques. As an example, the recent introduction of wave chaos, and more specifically random matrix theory - an old tool from nuclear physics - to the study of multiple scattering, has pointed the way to a deeper understanding of wave coherence in complex media. At the same time, efficient new approaches for retrieving information from random media promise to allow wave imaging of small tumors in opaque tissues. Review chapters are written by experts in the field, with the aim of making the book accessible to the widest possible scientific audience: graduate students and research scientists in theoretical and applied physics, optics, acoustics, and biomedical physics.
Due to the wide application of adaptive optical systems, an understanding of optical wave propagation in randomly inhomogeneous media has become essential, and several numerical models of individual AOS components and of efficient correction algorithms have been developed. This monograph contains detailed descriptions of the mathematical experiments that were designed and carried out during more than a decade's worth of research.
The first book on Localized Waves—a subject of phenomenal worldwide research with important applications from secure communications to medicine Localized waves—also known as non-diffractive waves—are beams and pulses capable of resisting diffraction and dispersion over long distances even in non-guiding media. Predicted to exist in the early 1970s and obtained theoretically and experimentally as solutions to the wave equations starting in 1992, localized waves now garner intense worldwide research with applications in all fields where a role is played by a wave equation, from electromagnetism to acoustics and quantum physics. In the electromagnetics areas, they are paving the way, for instance, to ubiquitous secure communications in the range of millimeter waves, terahertz frequencies, and optics. At last, the localized waves with an envelope at rest are expected to have important applications especially in medicine. Localized Waves brings together the world's most productive researchers in the field to offer a well-balanced presentation of theory and experiments in this new and exciting subject. Composed of thirteen chapters, this dynamic volume: Presents a thorough review of the theoretical foundation and historical aspects of localized waves Explores the interconnections of the subject with other technologies and scientific areas Analyzes the effect of arbitrary anisotropies on both continuous-wave and pulsed non-diffracting fields Describes the physical nature and experimental implementation of localized waves Provides a general overview of wave localization, for example in photonic crystals, which have received increasing attention in recent years Localized Waves is the first book to cover this emerging topic, making it an indispensable resource in particular for researchers in electromagnetics, acoustics, fundamental physics, and free-space communications, while also serving as a requisite text for graduate students.
The 105 theses contained in this book are selected from those whose authors were present at the 20th International Symposium on Acoustical Imaging. held at Southeast University. Nanjing. China. during September 12-14. 1992. It was the first time that the symposium had been held in China. Our efforts to host the conference goes back to the 15th International Symposium on Acoustical Imaging held in Halifax. Canada. in 1986. We are glad that the 20th symposium has been successfully held at last. We are ardent for the symposium not only because we attach much importance to the field of acoustical imaging. but also because we admire the tradition of the serious academic exploration and friendly cooperation of the scholars attending the symposium. The theses in this book are from 21 countries and those by Mr. G. Wade. Takuso Sato. J. F. Greenleaf. K. J. Langenberg. and Wencai Yang are the specially invited papers. These theses cover such important fields of acoustical imaging as follows: 1. Mathematics and physics of acoustical imaging; 2. Components and industry application; 3. Applications in medicine and biology; 4. Applications in nondestructive testing; 5. Applications in geophysics; 6. Underwater acoustical imaging. All these theses reflect the latest progress in theory and technology. We are very grateful to all the authors who have provided these theses.
This book constitutes the Proceedings of the 26th Symposium on Acoustical Imaging held inWindsor, Ontario, Canada during September 9-12, 2001. This traditional scientific event is recognized as a premier forum for the presentation of advanced research results in both theoretical and experimental development. The lAIS was conceived at a 1967Acoustical Holography meeting in the USA. Since then, these traditional symposia provide an opportunity for specialists who are working in this area to make new acquaintances, renew old friendships and present recent results of their research. Our Symposium has grown significantly in size due to a broad interest in various topics and to the quality of the presentations. For the firsttime in 40 years, the IAIS was held in the province of Ontario in Windsor, Canada's Automotive Capital and City of Roses. The 26th IAIS attracted over 100specialists from 13countries representing this interdisciplinary field in physical acoustics, image processing, applied mathematics, solid-state physics, biology and medicine, industrial applications and quality control technologies. The 26th lAIS was organized in the traditional way with only one addition-a Special Session "History of Acoustical Imaging" with the involvement of such well known scientists as Andrew Briggs, Noriyoshi Chubachi, Robert Green Jr., Joie Jones, Kenneth Erikson, and Bernhard Tittmann. Many of these speakers are well known scientists in their fields and we would like to thank them for making this session extremely successful.
In the almost fifty years that have gone by since the first volume of Progress in Optics was published, optics has become one of the most dynamic fields of science. The volumes in this series that have appeared up to now contain more than 300 review articles by distinguished research workers, which have become permanent records for many important developments. Invariant Optical Fields Quantum Optics in Structured Media Polarization and Coherence Optics Optical Quantum Computation Photonic Crystals Lase Beam-Splitting Gratings
The technology of acoustical imaging has advanced rapidly over the last sixty years, and now represents a sophisticated technique applied to a wide range of fields including non-destructive testing, medical imaging, underwater imaging and SONAR, and geophysical exploration. Acoustical Imaging: Techniques and Applications for Engineers introduces the basic physics of acoustics and acoustical imaging, before progressing to more advanced topics such as 3D and 4D imaging, elasticity theory, gauge invariance property of acoustic equation of motion and acoustic metamaterials. The author draws together the different technologies in sonar, seismic and ultrasound imaging, highlighting the similarities between topic areas and their common underlying theory. Key features: Comprehensively covers all of the important applications of acoustical imaging. Introduces the gauge invariance property of acoustic equation of motion, with applications in the elastic constants of isotropic solids, time reversal acoustics, negative refraction, double negative acoustical metamaterial and acoustical cloaking. Contains up to date treatments on latest theories of sound propagation in random media, including statistical treatment and chaos theory. Includes a chapter devoted to new acoustics based on metamaterials, a field founded by the author, including a new theory of elasticity and new theory of sound propagation in solids and fluids and tremendous potential in several novel applications. Covers the hot topics on acoustical imaging including time reversal acoustics, negative refraction and acoustical cloaking. Acoustical Imaging: Techniques and Applications for Engineers is a comprehensive reference on acoustical imaging and forms a valuable resource for engineers, researchers, senior undergraduate and graduate students.