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This book will contain the proceedings of the XV International Symposium on Retinal Degeneration (RD2012). A majority of those who will speak and present posters at the meeting will contribute to this volume. The blinding diseases of inherited retinal degenerations have no treatments, and age-related macular degeneration has no cures, despite the fact that it is an epidemic among the elderly, with 1 in 3-4 affected by the age of 70. The RD Symposium will focus on the exciting new developments aimed at understanding these diseases and providing therapies for them. Since most major scientists in the field of retinal degenerations attend the biennial RD Symposia, they are known by most as the “best” and “most important” meetings in the field. The volume will present representative state-of-the-art research in almost all areas of retinal degenerations, ranging from cytopathologic, physiologic, diagnostic and clinical aspects; animal models; mechanisms of cell death; candidate genes, cloning, mapping and other aspects of molecular genetics; and developing potential therapeutic measures such as gene therapy and neuroprotective agents for potential pharmaceutical therapy. While advances in these areas of retinal degenerations will be described, there will be many new topics that either were in their infancy or did not exist at the time of the last RD Symposium, RD2010. These include the role of inflammation and immunity, as well as other basic mechanisms, in age-related macular degeneration, several new aspects of gene therapy, and revolutionary new imaging and functional testing that will have a huge impact on the diagnosis and following the course of retinal degenerations, as well as to provide new quantitative endpoints for clinical trials. The retina is an approachable part of the central nervous system (CNS), and there is a major interest in neuroprotective and gene therapy for CNS diseases and neurodegenerations, in general. It should be noted that with successful and exciting initial clinical trials in neuroprotective and gene therapy, including the restoration of sight in blind children, the retinal degeneration therapies are leading the way towards new therapeutic measures for neurodegenerations of the CNS. Many of the successes recently reported in these areas of retinal degeneration sprang from collaborations established at previous RD Symposia, and many of those will be reported at the RD2010 meeting and included in the proposed volume. We anticipate the excitement of those working in the field and those afflicted with retinal degenerations will be reflected in the volume.
This book presents new and noteworthy research into retinal diseases. It focuses on what we currently know about the environment, genetics and mechanisms that lead to retinal degenerations, new diagnostics, and innovative therapeutic modalities to preserve vision. Written by renowned scientific investigators, this innovative collection of treatment strategies and technological discoveries allows for the realistic translation of research into practice.
This book will contain the proceedings of the XIV International Symposium on Retinal Degeneration (RD2010), held July 13-17, 2010, in Mont-Tremblant, Quebec, Canada. The volume will present representative state-of-the-art research in almost all areas of retinal degenerations, ranging from cytopathologic, physiologic, diagnostic and clinical aspects; animal models; mechanisms of cell death; candidate genes, cloning, mapping and other aspects of molecular genetics; and developing potential therapeutic measures such as gene therapy and neuroprotective agents for potential pharmaceutical therapy.
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of inherited neurodegenerative diseases in humans characterized by the loss of photoreceptor cells leading to reduction of the peripheral visual field (known as tunnel vision) and eventually to blindness. N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) is an alkylating agent that exhibits its toxicity by transferring its methyl group to nucleobases in nucleic acids. A single systemic administration of MNU causes retinal degeneration in various animal species. The retinal degeneration is highly reproducible, and the photoreceptor cell loss occurs within a week when a suitable dose of MNU is administered. Photoreceptor cell loss occurs via apoptosis, which resembles human RP. Decreased levels of basal autophagy concomitantly occur during the course of apoptosis progression. The time-course progression of the disease, the molecular mechanisms of the disease, and the therapeutic trials against MNU-induced photoreceptor cell apoptosis are described.
This volume provides key updates on several methods from the first edition as well as including new novel techniques to address the most recent technological developments and their applications in retinal research Chapters guide readers through gene identification approaches, detailed protocols to generate functional retinal pigment epithelium cells, mouse retina and other animal models, fundus imaging and angiography, and cell-based treatment approaches. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Retinal Degeneration: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition aims to ensure successful scientific work in the further study of this vital field.
This is the proceedings of the XIIIth International Symposium on Retinal Degenerations, which will be held in Emeishan, Sichuan, China on September 18 - 23, 2008. The themes will include "Molecular and genetic mechanisms in photoreceptor degeneration", "Age-related macular degeneration", "New diagnostic techniques for retinal degenerations". "Neuroprotection in the prevention of retinal degeneration", "Gene therapy and the correction of gene defects", as well as other emerging topics that may develop over the next few months.
The retina is a sensory structure of the central nervous system that initiates the perception of vision. Due to its highly organized and laminar structure, and its well-defined connectivity patterns, the retina provides an ideal model to elucidate the mechanisms of neural circuit formation. Additionally, study of the mouse retina across genetically dissimilar strains facilitates the identification of genes necessary for its development. In this dissertation, three features of neural circuits will be examined in the mouse retina in order to determine the mechanisms underlying their establishment. First, the genetic control of neuronal population size will be determined for three retinal neurons that participate in the same microcircuit, and the degree to which they are co-regulated will be assessed. Second, the plasticity of neuronal differentiation will be determined for neurons of the outer retina by manipulating the composition of cells in the local environment. Finally, a molecular requirement for the assembly of neural mosaics will be identified for one type of retinal neuron. Through these analyses we will gain insight into how the complexity of nervous system arises, which is relevant for the advancement of genetic and cellular therapies.