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The retention of naval officers is often assumed to be independent of the economic circumstances of the individual. This study makes use of classical, normal linear least squares regression techniques and recent surface warfare officer retention data in an attempt to determine whether the retention of lieutenants can be related to a set of economic control variables. In the pursuit of that goal, several previously developed econometric models which describe first-term enlisted retention are modified for use on officer data and compared for goodness of fit. (Author).
This study is the second in a series funded by the Chief of Naval Personnel to address low retention of officers in the Surface Warfare Officer (SWO) community. Low junior officer retention is a concern, particularly with respect to SWO women--whose numbers have steadily declined since the repeal of the Combat Exclusion Act in 1994. Studies conducted in this area have found that family-related factors, as well as leadership and culture factors (including morale and lack of mentoring), push both men and women out of the Navy. Nonetheless, the Navy's primary effort to improve retention has been to introduce the Surface Warfare Officer Continuation Pay (SWOCP) in 1994 and, subsequently, to offer a Critical Skills Retention Bonus. Retention bonuses have not offset the non-monetary concerns, particularly for women. The present study focuses on the non-monetary factors that have received little attention in the past with respect to changes that could be made to improve retention. The findings apply to both men and women. Unlike previous studies that have assessed intentions of SWOs to stay or leave, the current study is based on a survey of officers who have actually made the decision to leave active duty and who are now in the Individual Ready Reserve (IRR). The data show that family-related factors are the highest-rated influences on the decision to leave active duty; this holds true for both men and women and older vs. younger year groups. Women felt more strongly than men about the influence some of these factors had on the decision to leave active duty, but the similarity between the opinions expressed by men and women was surprising. Further, monetary incentives have less influence on retention than family or leadership factors. "Total military pay" was more important to men than to women, but still placed lower on the list than many other factors that caused men to leave active duty. Other findings are reported that concern mentoring, gender issues, feelings about the separation decision, and incentives that could encourage this group to consider returning to active duty. More women than men would consider returning, and improvements in leadership were mentioned most often by all groups as a change that needs to be made to improve retention. Finally, recommendations are made for training interventions and research to address leadership issues.
The surface warfare community has missed its retention goals since FY76 and projections suggest that this trend will continue. To identify factors related to retention of surface warfare junior officers (JOs), previous studies on retention were reviewed and a sample of JOs at the Naval Postgraduate School was interviewed. Information obtained was used to develop a research plan designed to address critical areas affecting retention. A survey questionnaire covering the research questions to be addressed by the research plan was developed and pretested. Future reports will describe results obtained by analysis of questionnaire data. (Author).
This investigation, the third in a series based on data collected from a sample of junior surface warface officers (SWOs) during 1978-79, addressed factors that affect their early career/professional development and the relationships between developmental progress, officer performance, and career intent. Results indicated that timely completion of career essential qualifications was not related to background factors such as commissioning source, academic class rank, or military class rank, but it was related to attendance at the Surface Warfare Officer School (SWOS)-Basic, shipboard assignment variation, and individual perceptions of the work environment during the initial sea tour. Also, professional development progress was positively related to career intent and officer performance, as indicated by fitness reports. Findings are discussed with attention to policy/leadership implications.
This report is the fifth in a series that addresses factors that affect the early career/professional development and retention of junior surface warfare officers (SWOs). The sample consisted of 128 junior SWOs commissioned during 1974-75 who had responded to a career development questionnaire in early 1979. Of these, 58 (45%) had left service at the end of obligation and 70 (55%) remained on active duty (as of September 1981). Background and first sea tour factors were used to predict career intent and continuance. Results showed that career intent was substantially associated with a combination of first sea tour work experiences and percentages. Career intent, in turn, was found to account for substantial variance (R square = .25) in the continuance criterion. Results strongly supported the hypothesis that continuance decisions are the product of early navy work experiences (e.g., opportunities, assignment patterns, etc.). Results are discussed with attention to leadership, assignment, and policy implications.
The purpose of this thesis is to identify factors that lead to resignation of Junior Surface Warfare Officers (SWO) and to develop an hedonic model of junior SWO turnover. The first source of data was a survey of active- duty, junior SWOs currently serving aboard ships. The second source of data was a survey of 0-3 SWOs who are currently drilling in the Naval Reserves. Results of the two surveys were compared to identify differing levels of satisfaction with the active-duty Navy. The reservists also compared their satisfaction between the active-duty Navy and their current civilian employment Civilian salary levels were obtained from the reservists and their spouses to determine the pay differential between the Navy and civilian jobs for former junior SWOs. A regression model found three factors to have significant power in explaining civilian pay: years since leaving active duty, employment status, and comparative work stress between civilian employment and the active-duty Navy. SWOs with full-time employment who experienced the greatest reductions in pay also experienced the greatest reduction in work Stress. Junior SWOs experienced, on average, a 20 percent pay cut after leaving active duty. Pay returned to its pre-departure level in 2 to three years.
The purpose of this study was to determine the primary causes of U.S. Navy retention problems with its junior officers from 1998 to 2000. An analysis of data on operational tempo and retention was conducted which revealed no direct correlation between increased optempo and decreased retention. The study focuses on the four sea-going officer communities, Surface Warfare Officers, Aviators, Naval Flight Officers, and Submariners. After the demise of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War, the Department of Defense began a downsizing effort across all services. From 1990 to 1997, the Navy's officer corps shrank from 77,000 to 53,000 officers as a result of Department of Defense downsizing mandates At the time, Navy leaders were not concerned with retention because they had to meet their new end strength goals, but in 1997, officer manning dropped to dangerous levels, The Navy realized that it had a serious retention problem; Too many junior officers were getting out, Navy leaders had to do something to stem the exodus, or the Navy would be in serious jeopardy of not being able to man its ships, aircraft, and submarines at the mid-grade officer, department head level. Without these officers to fill the critical sea-going billets, the Navy could find that it may not be able to fulfill its commitments around the world. If increased optempo was not causing the Navy's junior officers to get out, what was behind their decisions to leave? In the course of research, several surveys and interviews were uncovered which revealed a significant number of reasons that officer retention suffered in the Navy. From a comparison of these surveys and interviews, the five most common reasons junior officers stated for leaving the Navy was determined. Further study revealed that the Navy is aware of these reasons and is actively responding to keep positively address them to retain its junior officers.
The factors that contribute to surface warfare officer in the Navy were investigated. Information was obtained from a sample of 373 stayers and 52 leavers selected from a larger sample of 3,059 surface warfare officers who responded to a survey of officer career development in 1986. An hypothesized model of surface warfare officer retention, based on Steers and Mowday's model of employee turnover (1981), was tested using path analyses. The results of the analyses supported several of the major linkages contained in the model. In line with the model, stated career intent had the strongest influence on officer retention. Additionally, search for alternatives had a direct impact on retention. Level of organizational commitment, along with spousal support and tenure, had a direct influence on career intent. The direct links from spousal support, esteem, assignment acceptability, and benefits to organizational commitment were also supported. Overall, the present study contributes to our understanding of the turnover process within a military setting and provides avenues for future research.