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This report is the outcome of a study on shark and ray non-fin commodities in India, carried out by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (ICAR-CMFRI) for the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and funded by FAO. The study recognizes the role of shark non-fin commodities in nutrition, trade and livelihoods and seeks to enhance the understanding of shark product utilization in India, which will complement India’s national plan of action on sharks and support policy matters on sharks.
The work presented here summarizes published research from Mexico, also linked to an FAO summary, plus studies from India, Indonesia and Peru. In collaboration with various country programmes and local research groups, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) examined shark and ray value chains. The goal was to provide valuable information for fisheries and environmental agencies, shedding light on the role of non-fin commodities derived from sharks and rays in fisheries and trade. To effectively conserve shark and ray resources, we must adopt a more holistic understanding of their fisheries and markets. Historically, the focus has primarily centred on regulating the export of shark fins, often overlooking traditional and emerging fishing practices (and markets) related to other elasmobranch products (such as meat, skin, cartilage, liver oil, and gill plates). Due to limited examination of non-fin commodities, we lack clarity on their sources, the extent of exploitation, and their significance as drivers of elasmobranch utilization. The report aims to shift attention towards non-fin commodities in shark and ray management. By doing so, we hope to expand the range of potential interventions that can be employed to achieve sustainable elasmobranch fisheries – a critical source of food security, nutrition, and livelihoods for coastal communities worldwide.
The work presented here summarizes published research from Indonesia, also linked to an FAO summary, plus studies from India, Indonesia and Peru. In collaboration with various country programmes and local research groups, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) examined shark and ray value chains. The goal was to provide valuable information for fisheries and environmental agencies, shedding light on the role of non-fin commodities derived from sharks and rays in fisheries and trade. To effectively conserve shark and ray resources, we must adopt a more holistic understanding of their fisheries and markets. Historically, the focus has primarily centred on regulating the export of shark fins, often overlooking traditional and emerging fishing practices (and markets) related to other elasmobranch products (such as meat, skin, cartilage, liver oil, and gill plates). Due to limited examination of non-fin commodities, we lack clarity on their sources, the extent of exploitation , and their significance as drivers of elasmobranch utilization. This report aims to shift attention towards non-fin commodities in shark and ray management. By doing so, we hope to expand the range of potential interventions that can be employed to achieve sustainable elasmobranch fisheries – a critical source of food security, nutrition, and livelihoods for coastal communities worldwide.
The study undertaken for this report analysed the value chains of shark and ray non-fin commodities in Peru to determine trade, flow and context in terms of their economic, sociocultural and environmental characteristics and the conclusions of this diagnosis relate to the sustainable use and management of aquatic resources. Preliminary activities involved gathering and reviewing available background information to provide a basis for identifying and selecting elasmobranch commodity value chains and supply chain networks where surveys could potentially measure change in the relationships between aquatic resources, value chain actors and consumers. Surveys were subsequently designed to diagnose specific issues and, where possible, to assess knowledge gaps as a measure to reveal unknown and data-deficient value chain scenarios. The subsequent survey deployment stage captured both qualitative and quantitative data, which was then analysed in conjunction with the preliminary background information gathered to indicate trends, stakeholder relationships, and value chain diagnosis enabled issues at key points across the elasmobranch value chains to be identified. Results were categorized relating to specific commodity domains, stakeholder clusters, across value chain networks and cross-linked supply chain systems to determine the drivers of cause and effect which enabled leverage points to be identified which offer opportunities for adaptive management. Fisheries management recommendations are also concluded where value chain diagnosis indicated statistically significant results and scenarios relating to compliance.
The 2023 annual meeting of the ICES-FAO Working Group on Fishing Technology and Fish Behaviour (WGFTFB) and the International Symposium on “Innovations in Fishing Technologies for Sustainable and Resilient Fisheries” was held from 13 to 17 February 2023 in Kochi, India. [Author] The symposium was hosted by FAO in collaboration with the Department of Fisheries, Government of India, organized by the Bay of Bengal Programme Intergovernmental Organisation (BOBP-IGO) and National Fisheries Development Board (NFDB) in collaboration with Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) Fisheries Institutes and State Fisheries Universities. [Author] The symposium brought together 325 participants comprising of scientists, researchers, officials, policymakers, diplomats, industry, entrepreneurs, and students from 32 countries both online and offline delivering a total of 137 presentations providing a platform for discussions on the challenges facing world fisheries including depleted fish stocks, habitat destruction, pollution, climate change, fish loss and wastage bycatch, and ghost fishing. [Author] This report summarizes the symposium on “Innovations in Fishing Technologies for Sustainable and Resilient Fisheries” which comprised of eight thematic sessions: (i) active gears (ii) passive gears (iii)indicators (iv) abandoned, lost or otherwise discarded fishing gear (ALDFG) (v) survival/behaviour/physiology (vi) energy efficiency (vii) general topics and (viii) gear design. [Author]
Sharks are only a small proportion of world recorded fish landings, but they are a versatile and valuable resource. They sustain important fisheries in several countries and are a cheap but valuable source of protein for coastal communities dependent on subsistence fisheries. Sharks are exploited for their meat, fins, teeth, cartilage, liver and other internal organs. This report details species used and methods of preparation for various purposes.
Over the last decade, the study of shark biology has benefited from the development, refinement, and rapid expansion of novel techniques and advances in technology. These have given new insight into the fields of shark genetics, feeding, foraging, bioenergetics, imaging, age and growth, movement, migration, habitat preference, and habitat use. This pioneering book, written by experts in shark biology, examines technologies such as autonomous vehicle tracking, underwater video approaches, molecular genetics techniques, and accelerometry, among many others. Each detailed chapter offers new insights and promises for future studies of elasmobranch biology, provides an overview of appropriate uses of each technique, and can be readily extended to other aquatic fish and marine mammals and reptiles. Including chapter authors who were pioneers in developing some of the technologies discussed in the book, this book serves as the first single-source reference with in-depth coverage of techniques appropriate for the laboratory and field study of sharks, skates, and rays. It concludes with a unique section on Citizen Science and its application to studies of shark biology. This is a must-read for any marine biologist or scientist working in the field of shark biology, as well as marine biology students and graduates.
The Darwin Elasmobranch Biodiversity Conservation and Management project in Sabah held a three-day international seminar that included a one-day workshop in order to highlight freshwater and coastal elasmobranch conservation issues in the region and worldwide, to disseminate the result of the project to other Malaysian states and countries, and to raise awareness of the importance of considering aspects of elasmobranch biodiversity in the context of nature conservation, commercial fisheries management, and for subsistence fishing communities. These proceedings contain numerous peer-reviewed papers originally presented at the seminar, which cover a wide range of topics, with particular reference to species from freshwater and estuarine habitats. The workshop served to develop recommendations concerning the future prospects of elasmobranch fisheries, biodiversity, conservation and management. This paper records those conclusions, which highlight the importance of elasmobranchs as top marine predators and keystone species, noting that permanent damage to shark and ray populations are likely to have serious and unexpected negative consequences for commercial and subsistence yields of other important fish stocks.
This report describes the population biology and fishery management of elasmobranchs at regional, national and sub-regional levels - in Atlantic Europe, the United States, the Caribbean, Guatemala, South Africa, Uruguay, the Falkland Islands, the Seychelles, two states in India, the Maldives, Malaysia, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Fiji and Ecuador. Regional accounts are given of management of Galeorhinus galeus, deepwater sharks and elasmobranch considerations of a tuna commission. NGO elasmobranch activities are described and an analysis of the quality of the relevant data in the FAO Nominal Catches and Landings Data Base. The topics of the resource, fishery and associated species, current status of fisheries and harvesting processes are described together with the evolution of the catch, fleet, fishing effort, commerce, fishery markets and revenues from the fishery. Comments on the economics of the fishery and nature of the workforce are also given. In relation to fisheries administration, management objectives and national fisheries policies are described and the manner of the planning process. Where applicable, the objectives setting process, relevant stakeholders and the handling of management negotiations are noted. The nature of gear restrictions and their effectiveness together with vessel regulations and where they exist, on catch, closed seasons, effort limitations, etc., are described Where management planning occurs, the provision of resource management advice together with a description of the departments involved and management activities are described. Several papers review stock assessment activities plus descriptions and analyses of the biological advice review process with comments on the sustainability of the resource. National accounts describe the relevant law and enforcement processes. The report consists of two parts.