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This book addresses the two-stroke cycle internal combustion engine, used in compact, lightweight form in everything from motorcycles to chainsaws to outboard motors, and in large sizes for marine propulsion and power generation. It first provides an overview of the principles, characteristics, applications, and history of the two-stroke cycle engine, followed by descriptions and evaluations of various types of models that have been developed to predict aspects of two-stroke engine operation.
This book demonstrates applications and case studies performed by experts for professionals and students in the field of technology, engineering, materials, decision making management and other industries in which mathematical modelling plays a role. Each chapter discusses an example and these are ranging from well-known standards to novelty applications. Models are developed and analysed in details, authors carefully consider the procedure for constructing a mathematical replacement of phenomenon under consideration. For most of the cases this leads to the partial differential equations, for the solution of which numerical methods are necessary to use. The term Model is mainly understood as an ensemble of equations which describe the variables and interrelations of a physical system or process. Developments in computer technology and related software have provided numerous tools of increasing power for specialists in mathematical modelling. One finds a variety of these used to obtain the numerical results of the book.
This book provides design assistance with the actual mechanical design of an engine in which the gas dynamics, fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, and combustion have been optimized so as to provide the required performance characteristics such as power, torque, fuel consumption, or noise emission.
The development of a numerical model of a two-stroke engine is undertaken to study the scavenging characteristics of the engine. The engine design is unique in its use of 16 passive intake valves in the cylinder head which, along with the exhaust ports located at bottom centre (BC), give the engine a top-down uniflow-scavenged configuration. Each valve constitutes a small stainless steel platelet within a cavity in the cylinder head which reacts to the pressure difference across the cylinder head. The principle focus of this study is the transient simulation of the scavenging flow using dynamic meshing to model the piston motion and the response of the passive intake valves to the scavenging flow for varied engine speed and peak pressure. A flowbench study of the steady flow through the cylinder head into a duct is incorporated as a step in the development of the transient numerical model. Validation of the numerical predictions is undertaken by comparing results from an experimental flowbench for the steady case and using a cold-flow scavenging rig for the transient simulations. Both the steady flow through the cylinder head and the unsteady flow within the cylinder indicate the presence of a recirculation region on the cylinder axis. As a result, short-circuiting of scavenging gas becomes considerable and leads to scavenging characteristics comparable to Hopkinson's perfect mixing one-dimensional scavenging model.