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Preliminary results of a theoretical study of precursor effects in electromagnetic shock tubes are presented. In particular, an examination is made of the theories of fast luminous fronts which are observed to precede shock waves in such shock tubes. Errors in a theory by Paxton and Fowler are indicated. (Author).
An electromagnetically driven shock tube was studied as a possible new tool for aerodynamic research in which velocities of up to 41,000 feet per second are obtainable in air. At these high velocities stagnation temperatures of about 35,000K are produced. The simple construction and operation of the shock tube is described and an evaluation is made of its performance. The potentialities and limitations of the apparatus are discussed with regards to research applications. The results of some magnetoaerodynamic studies are presented to show the usefulness of this type of shock tube. (Author).
An electromagnetic shock tube was constructed and the observed phenomena explained assuming that the energy transferred to the driver section is stored in the form of magnetic energy. The velocity of the shock front and its rate of decay were measured and compared with theoretical predictions based upon the infinite conductivity magnetohydrodynamic flow equations. A Kerr cell shutter camera was used to photograph the shock fronts which were found to be jumbled, suggesting magnetic turbulence. A magnetic field was applied along the axis of the shock tube and its effect on the shock velocity and on the character of the shock front were explained by the interaction of the driver currents with the applied axial magnetic field. A ''precursor'' wave was observed and the gas velocity behind it measured using the boundary layer on a probe placed along the axis of the shock tube. This value of the gas velocity and measured values of the wave velocity, gas density and electric field strength are shown to be compatible with a wave-type mechanism. (Author).
The head-on collisions of Mach 20 - 23 ionizing shock waves in argon at an initial pressure of 115 microns Hg were experimentally investigated. The shock wave collisions were created in a double-ended opposing driver electromagnetic shock tube. Shock wave speeds were obtained using photometric techniques. Plasma time-resolved atom and ion number densities and temperatures were obtained from spectroscopic analysis of emission radiation using a spectrograph equipped with a photoelectric attachment. Photographs of visible luminous phenomena associated with the incident shock waves and shock wave collisions were obtained with an image converter camera. The plasma behind the incident shock waves was found to be a mixture of driver and driven gas. Correlation of photographic and spectroscopic results for shock wave collisions indicated that reflected shock wave/incident shock wave boundary layer interaction occurred resulting in reflected shock wave bifurcation. (Author).
Nature and history of electrical driven shock waves Equipment and diagnostic techniques Electrical behavior of gases in the driver discharge Electron driven plasma shock waves Breakdown waves, precursors and electron fluid dynamics Radiation studies Interactions Diffusion, and magnetic insulation in the elec trical shock tube Ideal electrical shock tube design Electrical properties of the flowing plasma Miscellaneous observations.