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The different methods available for the determination of soil organic phosphorus are open to criticism. In the literature, the Kaila and Virtanen method (54) and the Mehta et al. method (67) in particular have been disputed as to which will yield the greater amount of organic phosphorus. The first objective of the present study was to evaluate these two extraction type methods by applying them to some Alberta soils. Subsequently, the study was expanded to determine whether a relationship existed between organic phosphorus and other soil properties including pH, total phosphorus, organic carbon, organic nitrogen and nonsulphate sulphur. The second objective was to evaluate an additional extraction type procedure (49) and two ignition type procedures (59, $4) which have been used by various workers for determining the total organic phosphorus content of soils. The third objective was to ascertain a workable modification of one or more of these methods particularly with the aid of the latest findings in the use of organic matter extractions. Soils from six soil zones of Alberta were sampled in duplicate in the field. The data showed that there was no appreciable difference between the Kaila-Virtanen and Mehta et al. methods for the soils studied. Chemical and statistical analyses suggested that organic phosphorus formed an integral part of organic matter. The ignition procedures appeared to be unsatisfactory as a result of incomplete combustion or of increased solubility of the original inorganic phosphorus. The Kaila and Virtanen method, which uses a mild extractant, seemed to be the best method for determining total organic phosphorus. However, by the addition of known phosphorus bearing compounds it was shown that all methods were very empirical indeed. The Kaila and Virtanen method was improved by making modifications. However, it was reasoned that it was not possible to extract all the organic phosphorus present in a soil with one procedure. Efforts should be turned to obtain and evaluate not only definite forms of organic phosphorus, but also a better appreciation of the bonds between humic acids and phosphorus.
Phosphorus is essential for life, yet is often the element most limiting for biological productivity. Although most organisms take up phosphorus in an inorganic form, organic forms frequently dominate in soils and aquatic systems. Up to this point, the role of organic phosphorus and mechanisms for its dynamics have been poorly understood. However, recent advances in research have shed new light on the subject and this book brings together these advances. It covers the transformation and characterization of organic phosphorus in both terrestrial and aquatic systems. It will attract a broad range of scientists from several disciplines.
Edited by One of the Best Specialists in Soil Science Recent studies reveal that Phosphorus (P) in the form of phosphate, a macronutrient essential for plant growth, and crop yields can influence the bioavailability, retention, and mobility of trace elements, metal(loid)s, and radio nuclides in soils. When this occurs, phosphates can affect the dynamics of heavy metals and influence soil characteristics, impacting soil mobility and toxicity. Phosphate in Soils: Interaction with Micronutrients, Radionuclides and Heavy Metals utilizes the latest research to emphasize the role that phosphate plays in enhancing or reducing the mobility of heavy metals in soil, and the soil-water-plant environment. It provides an in-depth understanding of each heavy metal species, and expands on phosphate interactions in geological material. Composed of 12 chapters, this text: Provides an overview of the reactions of metal(loid)s and common P compounds that are used as fertilizer in soils Emphasizes the effect of phosphorus on copper and zinc adsorption in acid soils Discusses findings on the influence of phosphate compounds on speciation, mobility, and bioavailability of heavy metals in soils as well as the role of phosphates on in situ and phytoremediation of heavy metals for contaminated soils Places emphasis on the influence of phosphate on various heavy metals species in soils, and their solubility/mobility and availability Provides extensive information on testing various high phosphate materials for remediation of heavy metal, micronutrients, and radionuclides contaminated sites Explores the reactivity of heavy metals, micronutrients and radionuclides elements in several soils Presents a case study illustrating various remediation efforts of acidic soils and remediation of Cu, Zn, and lead (Pb) contaminated soils around nonferrous industrial plants Emphasizes the significance of common ions (cations and anions) on phosphate mobility and sorption in soils, and more The author includes analytical and numerical solutions along with hands-on applications, and addresses other topics that include the transport and sorption modeling of heavy metals in the presence of phosphate at different scales in the vadose zone.
Inositol phosphates are a group of organic compounds found widely in the natural environment. They are important in agriculture because they constitute most of the phosphorus in grain seeds, but they cannot be digested by some animals. As a result, considerable research has been directed towards improving the digestibility of inositol phosphates in animal diets. Inositol phosphates are also abundant in soils and water bodies, yet a clear understanding of their behaviour in the environment remains elusive. This is surprising given the importance of phosphorus in the nutrition of both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Written by leading experts, this book brings together critical reviews on inositol phosphates in agriculture, ecology, and the environment. The sixteen chapters cover a diverse range of topics, including the synthesis and hydrolysis of inositol phosphates, their role in animal nutrition, and their fate in soils and aquatic ecosystems. It will prove valuable to a wide readership in the agricultural and biological sciences, and will serve as a unique reference source on this emerging topic.