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This straightforward guide to compressors seeks to unveil a lot of myths surrounding compressors. In this book, we will be looking at most types of compressors, including the centrifugal compressors, the air compressors, and of course the most troublesome of all compressors, the reciprocating compressors. Having a compressor with minimal operating problems does not only depend on the selection of the right type and size for your job. Detailed specifications of all auxiliary equipment and operating conditions, as well as keeping constant vigilance over the engineering and installation is imperative. The Simple Guide will explain in a simple yet definitive manner which compressor type is best used for which job and what it can produce.
Gas compressors tend to be the largest, most costly, and most critical machines employed in chemical and gas transfer processes. Since they tend to have the greatest effect on the reliability of processes they power, compressors typically receive the most scrutiny of all the machinery among the general population of processing equipment. To prevent unwanted compressor failures from occurring, operators must be taught how their equipment should operate and how each installation is different from one another. The ultimate purpose of this book is to teach those who work in process settings more about gas compressors, so they can start up and operate them correctly and monitor their condition with more confidence. Some may regard compressor technology as too broad and complex a topic for operating personnel to fully understand, but the author has distilled this vast body of knowledge into some key, easy to understand lessons for the reader to study at his or her own pace. The main goals of this book are to: Explain important theories and concepts about gases and compression processes with a minimum of mathematics Identify key compressor components and explain how they affect reliability Explain how centrifugal compressors, reciprocating compressors, and screw compressors function. Explain key operating factors that affect reliability Introduce the reader to basic troubleshooting methodologies Introduce operators to proven field inspection techniques
A Complete overview of theory, selection, design, operation, and maintenance This text offers a thorough overview of the operating characteristics, efficiencies, design features, troubleshooting, and maintenance of dynamic and positive displacement process gas compressors. The author examines a wide spectrum of compressors used in heavy process industries, with an emphasis on improving reliability and avoiding failure. Readers learn both the theory underlying compressors as well as the myriad day-to-day practical issues and challenges that chemical engineers and plant operation personnel must address. The text features: Latest design and manufacturing details of dynamic and positive displacement process gas compressors Examination of the full range of machines available for the heavy process industries Thorough presentation of the arrangements, material composition, and basic laws governing the design of all important process gas compressors Guidance on selecting optimum compressor configurations, controls, components, and auxiliaries to maximize reliability Monitoring and performance analysis for optimal machinery condition Systematic methods to avoid failure through the application of field-tested reliability enhancement concepts Fluid instability and externally pressurized bearings Reliability-driven asset management strategies for compressors Upstream separator and filter issues The text's structure is carefully designed to build knowledge and skills by starting with key principles and then moving to more advanced material. Hundreds of photos depicting various types of compressors, components, and processes are provided throughout. Compressors often represent a multi-million dollar investment for such applications as petrochemical processing and refining, refrigeration, pipeline transport, and turbochargers and superchargers for internal combustion engines. This text enables the broad range of engineers and plant managers who work with these compressors to make the most of the investment by leading them to the best decisions for selecting, operating, upgrading, maintaining, and troubleshooting.
Originating in the process compressor industry, this text primarily addresses: rotating equipment engineers, project engineers, engineering contractors, and compressor user companies in oil and gas field operations, natural gas processing, petroleum refining, petrochemical processing, industrial refrigeration, and chemical industries. It enables the reader to assess compressors and defines the constraints influencing the compressor design.
Buying an air compressor for your workshop? Or for many uses at home BUT DO NOT HAVE the KNOWLEDGE on how to choose the perfect one for your needs? With basic introduction for air compressors, common types of compressors and numerous tips on things you MUST consider when buying air compressor, this book can definitely beat that question marks on your head to choose the best air compressor according to your needs. This book will let you quickly understand: - How the air compressor works. - Uses of each type of compressor. - Basics of each type of compressor. - Pros and cons of each type of air compressor. And help you identify: - What compressor you need. - Several things to consider. - Other features to look for.
If you want to attract and retain users in the booming mobile services market, you need a quick-loading app that won’t churn through their data plans. The key is to compress multimedia and other data into smaller files, but finding the right method is tricky. This witty book helps you understand how data compression algorithms work—in theory and practice—so you can choose the best solution among all the available compression tools. With tables, diagrams, games, and as little math as possible, authors Colt McAnlis and Aleks Haecky neatly explain the fundamentals. Learn how compressed files are better, cheaper, and faster to distribute and consume, and how they’ll give you a competitive edge. Learn why compression has become crucial as data production continues to skyrocket Know your data, circumstances, and algorithm options when choosing compression tools Explore variable-length codes, statistical compression, arithmetic numerical coding, dictionary encodings, and context modeling Examine tradeoffs between file size and quality when choosing image compressors Learn ways to compress client- and server-generated data objects Meet the inventors and visionaries who created data compression algorithms
This book is written as a companion to my book on Gas Engines, (ISBN: 978-1-7345214-0-5). However it can also serve as a stand-alone text. There is nothing magical about reciprocating compressors, how they work or about maintaining them, but they do command respect since they are often compressing highly explosive or toxic gases. As do most authors of text books I will begin with theory. To know how something works is a prerequisite to knowing how to fix it. Many people consider theory a dull topic, but it goes hand in hand with operation and maintenance. So I will begin this book with theory and connect all of the systems in between. Some of the images used herein are sourced from various gas engine/compressor manufacturers including Cooper-Bessemer, Dresser-Clark, Worthington, and Ingersoll-Rand. I took most of the actual photographs while employed by an O.E.M. for over thirty-seven years. While a solid knowledge of compressor theory is critical to understanding how a compressor works, I cannot teach theory without the reader being familiar with the basic Gas Laws and the basic components. Each one of the components and systems illustrated here will be examined in detail by the end of the book. But for now, the basic parts are described very briefly in the introduction. Study the drawing and fix in your mind the names and locations of these major components. Reciprocating Compressors of every size and make are comparable in design and the parts similarly named. Where there are significant differences they will be pointed out.The first time specialized words or terms are used they will be underlined and in this font. Their definitions will be found in a glossary at the back of the book. The numbers of personnel qualified to operate and repair these compressors is facing a shortfall due the retirement of an aging workforce. This has created a need for people in the oil and Gas industry who are formally educated in the maintenance of this equipment. This book provides a good introduction for those seeking employment in the industry.
This book addresses the types of seals and bearings that are commonly found in most rotating and moving machinery, including how they are designed, how they work and what can be done to ensure that they continue maintain proper lubrication and successful operation. Tribology is the scientific and engineering study of friction, and in common practice; it most often involves the control and reduction of friction. This is particularly critical to the successful and continued operation of moving parts. The author discusses the critical lubrication issues dealt with in gears and gear boxes, focusing on specific types of mechanical seals, including compression seals, hydrodynamic seals, hydrostatic seals, and mechanical face seals. Dr. Watterson also introduces the reader to the major types of bearings, including roller bearings, ball bearings and various types of sealed bearing systems, and their maintenance and lubrication requirements.