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This straightforward guide to compressors seeks to unveil a lot of myths surrounding compressors. In this book, we will be looking at most types of compressors, including the centrifugal compressors, the air compressors, and of course the most troublesome of all compressors, the reciprocating compressors. Having a compressor with minimal operating problems does not only depend on the selection of the right type and size for your job. Detailed specifications of all auxiliary equipment and operating conditions, as well as keeping constant vigilance over the engineering and installation is imperative. The Simple Guide will explain in a simple yet definitive manner which compressor type is best used for which job and what it can produce.
This book addresses the types of seals and bearings that are commonly found in most rotating and moving machinery, including how they are designed, how they work and what can be done to ensure that they continue maintain proper lubrication and successful operation. Tribology is the scientific and engineering study of friction, and in common practice; it most often involves the control and reduction of friction. This is particularly critical to the successful and continued operation of moving parts. The author discusses the critical lubrication issues dealt with in gears and gear boxes, focusing on specific types of mechanical seals, including compression seals, hydrodynamic seals, hydrostatic seals, and mechanical face seals. Dr. Watterson also introduces the reader to the major types of bearings, including roller bearings, ball bearings and various types of sealed bearing systems, and their maintenance and lubrication requirements.
Rotating Equipment: Maintenance and Troubleshooting has been written on the back of Dr. Watterson’s experience in working with over 20 oil refineries and petrochemical and fertilizer industries worldwide, which spans over 30 years. Every aspect of rotating equipment is explored, from turbines, both gas and steam, compressors, pumps to the use of predictive maintenance equipment. Included in this book is an in-depth explanation of predictive maintenance techniques, such as ultrasound testing, eddy curves, visual testing techniques, such as stroboscope, liquid penetrant, and vibration monitoring. Dr. Watterson also describes clearly the value of online condition-based monitoring of rotating equipment. The primary objective of this book is to show the way to reduce cost and frequency of planned maintenance by detection of abnormalities on equipment’s operating and preset performance parameters.
Working as an engineer with advanced weapon systems for more than 25 years, it was crucial to understand the fundamentals of digital systems design development methods and combinational logic circuits. Whether as a technician or as an engineer, these fundamentals are the basics of engineering and are essential in interpreting logic gate functionality. The intent of this book is to provide much more information than most commercial engineering references currently offer. Chapter 1, Latch and Flip Flop Circuits, discusses fundamental operations of NAND gate latch, NOR gate latch, gated S-C latch, gated D latch, four-bit bistable latch, D-type flip flop, JK-type flip flop, and master slave JK-type flip flop circuits. Chapter 2, Characteristics of Digital Circuits, provides a brief introduction to circuit characteristics. This chapter discusses RC time constants, electrical and dynamic behavior of circuits, timing considerations, and data storage and transfer devices. The chapter review and answer sections contain an extensive number of questions that afford comprehensive insights into obtaining the answers. This book will be an extremely valuable asset for technical and engineering students studying digital system design.
Working as an engineer with advanced weapon systems for more than 25 years, it was crucial to understand the fundamentals of numbering systems, logic gate design, and the logical math known as Boolean Algebra. Whether as a technician or engineer, these fundamentals are the basics of engineering and are essential in interpreting logic gate functionality. The intent of this book is to provide much more information than most commercial engineering references currently offer. In Chapter 1, numbering systems such as binary, octal, hexadecimal, gray code, binary-coded decimal, and other systems are discussed. Chapter 2 discusses constants and variables, implementing the basic design of truth tables, basic gate operators, and several other logic gate designs. Chapter 3 provides a broad array of Boolean Algebra symbology and logic gate operations, discussing topics such as properties, theorems, implementing and interpreting truth tables from Boolean Algebra expressions, finding minterms and maxterms from symbology expressions, and more. The chapter review and chapter answer sections provide an extensive number of questions with comprehensive insight to showing how to attain the answers. This book will be an extremely valuable asset for technical and engineering students studying digital system design.
A practical guide to the majority of pumps and compressors used in engineering applications Pumps and compressors are ubiquitous in industry, used in manufacturing, processing and chemical plant, HVAC installations, aerospace propulsion systems, medical applications, and everywhere else where there is a need to pump liquids, or circulate or compress gasses. This well-illustrated handbook covers the basic function, performance, and applications for the most widely used pump and compressor types available on the market today. It explains how each device operates and includes the governing mathematics needed to calculate device performance such as flow rates and compression. Additionally, real-world issues such as cavitation, and priming are covered. Pumps & Compressors is divided into two sections, each of which offers a notation of variables and an introduction. The Pumps section covers piston pumps, radial turbopumps, axial turbopumps, rotating pumps, hydraulic pumps, and pumps with driving flow. The Compressors section covers piston compressors, rotating compressors, turbo compressors, ejectors, vacuum pumps, and compressors for cooling purposes. A virtual encyclopedia of all pumps and compressors that describes the mechanics of all devices and the theory, mathematics, and formulas governing their function Allows the reader to develop the skills needed to confidently select the appropriate pump or compressor type and specification for their applications Pumps & Compressors is an excellent text for courses on pumps and compressors, as well as a valuable reference for professional engineers and laymen seeking knowledge on the topic.
Mixing and mastering are the final challenges in creating great recordings. Great mixes require both creativity and a practical understanding of process, while final masters require both a clear sense for purpose and specialized ears for achieving artistic goals. Mixing and Mastering in the Box gives readers the practical tools for accomplishing both of these tasks while highlighting the artistry of the creative process. While much of the information presented in Mixing and Mastering in the Box is applicable to those using analog mixing gear, or a hybrid of digital and analog tools, the book focuses directly on working completely within the Digital Audio Workstation (DAW). Author Steve Savage lets readers in on such topics as the secrets of collaboration and using EQ, compression, delay, reverb, and brickwall limiting to improve the sound of records, each topic illustrated with a myriad of concrete examples. Mixing and Mastering in the Box is the ultimate reference manual for the home recordist and the perfect basic to intermediate text for any DAW (Digital Audio Workstation) training class in mixing or mastering. The book is also ideal for readers who handle their own mixing and mastering or who wish - or are professionally required - to be better informed when collaborating on mixes and masters.
A Complete overview of theory, selection, design, operation, and maintenance This text offers a thorough overview of the operating characteristics, efficiencies, design features, troubleshooting, and maintenance of dynamic and positive displacement process gas compressors. The author examines a wide spectrum of compressors used in heavy process industries, with an emphasis on improving reliability and avoiding failure. Readers learn both the theory underlying compressors as well as the myriad day-to-day practical issues and challenges that chemical engineers and plant operation personnel must address. The text features: Latest design and manufacturing details of dynamic and positive displacement process gas compressors Examination of the full range of machines available for the heavy process industries Thorough presentation of the arrangements, material composition, and basic laws governing the design of all important process gas compressors Guidance on selecting optimum compressor configurations, controls, components, and auxiliaries to maximize reliability Monitoring and performance analysis for optimal machinery condition Systematic methods to avoid failure through the application of field-tested reliability enhancement concepts Fluid instability and externally pressurized bearings Reliability-driven asset management strategies for compressors Upstream separator and filter issues The text's structure is carefully designed to build knowledge and skills by starting with key principles and then moving to more advanced material. Hundreds of photos depicting various types of compressors, components, and processes are provided throughout. Compressors often represent a multi-million dollar investment for such applications as petrochemical processing and refining, refrigeration, pipeline transport, and turbochargers and superchargers for internal combustion engines. This text enables the broad range of engineers and plant managers who work with these compressors to make the most of the investment by leading them to the best decisions for selecting, operating, upgrading, maintaining, and troubleshooting.