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"A diesel engine emissions particle removal system which utilize Electrostatic Precipitation (ESP) and Non Thermal Plasma (NTP) technologies was studied for trapping and oxidizing micron sized particles (0.01 to 10 microns) int the exhaust."--Abstract.
"There is a growing demand for energy usage in the world, primarily due to increasing economic activity. This need can be met by pursuing increased power generation. However the impact of emissions from power generation sources on the health of human beings and environmental continues to be a major concern. In order to maintain and enhance environmental quality there is a need for the development of clean energy products. A diesel aftertreatment device was developed at RIT to reduce particulate matter (PM) in the emissions of generators and diesel engines by using the combination of non-thermal plasma oxidation and emission catalyst technologies. The non-thermal plasma (corona discharge) created by a high voltage electrode produces ionized gas or plasma in the charging section of the device. Simultaneously gas atoms are excited, producing highly reactive O, OH, and NO2 radicals. These radicals oxidize PM to gaseous products including CO, and CO2. The device has a low pressure drop compared with other diesel aftertreatment devices since it self-regenerates and there is no accumulation of PM in the system. The scope of this thesis is to develop a numerical model to simulate the performance of this diesel aftertreatment device. The model calculates the diesel exhaust conditions, plasma generation condition, electric field, power consumption, particulate collection, and particle removal. The model results agree with the experimental data, which proves that the model can be used for system performance prediction. Based on keeping the same PM removal efficiency and back pressure effects on diesel engine, a method was developed for system scale-up or scale-down"--Abstract.
A non-catalytic two-stage process for removal of NO.sub.x and particulates from engine exhaust comprises a first stage that plasma converts NO to NO.sub. 2 in the presence of O.sub. 2 and hydrocarbons, and a second stage, which preferably occurs simultaneously with the first stage, that converts NO.sub. 2 and carbon soot particles to respective environmentally benign gases that include N.sub. 2 and CO.sub. 2. By preconverting NO to NO.sub. 2 in the first stage, the efficiency of the second stage for NO.sub.x reduction is enhanced while carbon soot from trapped particulates is simultaneously converted to CO.sub. 2 when reacting with the NO.sub. 2 (that converts to N.sub. 2). For example, an internal combustion engine exhaust is connected by a pipe to a chamber where carbon-containing particulates are electrostatically trapped or filtered and a non-thermal plasma converts NO to NO.sub. 2 in the presence of O.sub. 2 and hydrocarbons. Volatile hydrocarbons (C.sub.x H.sub.y) from the trapped particulates are oxidized in the plasma and the remaining soot from the particulates reacts with the NO.sub. 2 to convert NO.sub. 2 to N.sub. 2, and the soot to CO.sub. 2. The nitrogen exhaust components remain in the gas phase throughout the process, with no accompanying adsorption.
The trend in environmental legislation is such that primary engine modifications will not be sufficient to meet all future emissions requirements and exhaust aftertreatment technologies will need to be employed. One potential solution that is well placed to meet those requirements is non-thermal plasma technology. This paper will describe our work with some of our partners in the development of a plasma based diesel particulate filter (DPF) and plasma assisted catalytic reduction (PACR) for NOx removal. This paper describes the development of non-thermal plasma technology for the aftertreatment of particulates from a passenger car engine and NOx from a marine diesel exhaust application.
In Advanced Physiochemical Treatment Technologies, leading pollution control educators and practicing professionals describe how various combinations of different cutting-edge process systems can be arranged to solve air, noise, and thermal pollution problems. Each chapter discusses in detail the three basic forms in which pollutants and waste are manifested: gas, solid, and liquid. There is an extensive collection of design examples and case histories.
The options for the regeneration of a Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) using hydrogen rich gas are investigated. The advantages of using hydrogen rich gas for this purpose are described. The system requirements for such a system are also evaluated. The use of a plasmatron fuel converter for the onboard generation of hydrogen rich gas from diesel fuel is discussed. The advantages of homogeneous, non-catalytic reforming by the plasmatron fuel converter are described. Finally, the effect of homogeneous combustion of the hydrogen rich gas in the exhaust (upstream from the DPF) is investigated.
Abstract: Particulate matter has been identified by health agencies as a health risk and suspected of causing acute and chronic damage to the pulmonary and cardiovascular systems. Since diesel engines are well known for their soot production, legislation has been adopted to regulate the release of particulate matter into the atmosphere. As these emissions standards become increasingly stringent, new methods of emission control become necessary. Of the options currently available, particulate filters appear to be the most promising solution to meet and exceed these emission standards. Particulate traps have been shown to successfully filter out up to 90 % of particulate matter. However, as particulate traps filter particulate matter they become filled, resulting in an increase in the exhaust back pressure. To alleviate this increase in pressure, the filter must be regenerated, i.e. the particulate matter must be ignited and burned away leaving a clean trap. Of the current regeneration methods, active regeneration via an external burner is one of the more robust methods. The scope of this work is to design a fuel-fired heater for the purpose of supplying sufficient quantities of heat to elevate the exhaust temperature to the point at which diesel particulate filter (DPF) regeneration will occur. As a precursor to the design, an in-depth literature review on the current state of the art, as well as calculations of the design.