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Fulfilling the Sacred Trust explores the implementation of international accountability for dependent territories under the United Nations during the early Cold War era. Although the Western nations that drafted the UN Charter saw the organization as a means of maintaining the international status quo they controlled, newly independent nations saw the UN as an instrument of decolonization and an agent of change disrupting global political norms. Mary Ann Heiss documents the unprecedented process through which these new nations came to wrest control of the United Nations from the World War II victors that founded it, allowing the UN to become a vehicle for global reform. Heiss examines the consequences of these early changes on the global political landscape in the midst of heightened international tensions playing out in Europe, the developing world, and the UN General Assembly. She puts this anti-colonial advocacy for accountability into perspective by making connections between the campaign for international accountability in the United Nations and other postwar international reform efforts such as the anti-apartheid movement, Pan-Africanism, the Non-Aligned Movement, and the drive for global human rights. Chronicling the combative history of this campaign, Fulfilling the Sacred Trust details the global impact of the larger UN reformist effort. Heiss demonstrates the unintended impact of decolonization on the United Nations and its agenda, as well as the shift in global influence from the developed to the developing world.
This gorgeous, full-color photographic guide reveals the marvelous collection of the sacred relics at the Topkapi Palace Museum in Istanbul, which houses more than 600 invaluable belongings from prophets such as Abraham, Moses, and Muhammad as well as a number of Muslim saints. Excavated from the most restricted rooms of the palace, the entire selection?including the pieces that are not on exhibit for daily visits?is compiled here for the first time in this fundamental handbook, making it perfect for students interested in Ottoman history, sacred relics of the Ottoman rule, or the broader Islamic heritage.
The second volume explains how the League of Nations mandates system fused two of the predominant and compelling global forces of the twentieth century: imperialism and Wilsonian internationalism. After the First World War, Britain and France administered most of Germany's former tropical African colonies as "mandates" under the supervision of the League as "a sacred trust of civilization." This system of international trusteeship changed British and French rule in Africa. In short, "mandates" were not "colonies." Mandates meant less militarism, more commercial equality, a greater emphasis on the interests of Africans, and an end to the extension of European national sovereignty over colonized peoples. Accountability to the League also required the British and French to reconsider traditional economic, strategic, and ideological assumptions about their empires. In the process, the "sacred trust" sowed the seeds of self-doubt about the very purpose and future of European imperialism. The mandates system continued to represent a genuine internationalisation and reformation of colonialism and had long-term economic, political, and cultural consequences for Africans and Europeans within the mandated territories. Despite the Depression, repeated Anglo-French foreign policy failures, growing humiliations for Geneva, and war in Africa and Europe, the principles and practices of international trusteeship proved persistent. Mandates demonstrated the relevance of international law, the importance of the League of Nations, and the impact of Wilsonian principles on international relations and European imperialism.
Medicine machine, exposing its glitches and recommending a much-needed overhaul to make it hum.
Just what makes a Baptist, a Baptist? What are the beliefs that set Baptists apart from other Christian churches, and are they of any real importance for the local church member who just wants to follow Jesus? Four centuries of Baptists have found those distinctive beliefs to be the command of Jesus in the Scripture, have expressed their love for him by holding and practicingthem, and have passed that sacred trustdown to us. A church which fails to know and value its Baptist identity becomes subject to error and false teaching and loses the heritage for which its Baptist ancestors were willing to suffer and die. The sermons in this book provide a helpful introduction to the beliefs which distinguish Baptists from other Christian groups and churches, and help readers to consider those beliefs in their proper level of importance. Extensive guides to additional resources in the distinctive beliefs of Baptists and in doctrinal preaching are provided for those desiringfurther study and for pastors interested in developingsimilar messages. Includes endorsements from Chuck Kelley and Lloyd Harsch of New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary and Fisher Humphreys of Beeson Divinity School.
Dr. Lukas Bower believes in God, the Hippocratic Oath and doing the right thing.
Without meaning to be irreverent, it is fair to say that in the Middle Ages, at the height of its political and economic power, the Roman Catholic Church functioned in part as a powerful and sophisticated corporation. The Church dealt in a "product" many consumers felt they had to have: the salvation of their immortal souls. The Pope served as its CEO, the College of Cardinals as its board of directors, bishoprics and monasteries as its franchises. And while the Church certainly had moral and social goals, this early antecedent to AT&T and General Motors had economic motives and methods as well, seeking to maximize profits by eliminating competitors and extending its markets. In Sacred Trust: The Medieval Church as an Economic Firm, five highly respected economists advance the controversial argument that the story of the Roman Catholic Church in the Middle Ages is in large part a story of supply and demand. Without denying the centrality--or sincerity--of religious motives, the authors employ the tools of modern economics to analyze how the Church's objectives went well beyond the realm of the spiritual. They explore the myriad sources of the Church's wealth, including tithes and land rents, donations and bequests, judicial services and monastic agricultural production. And they present an in-depth look at the ways in which Church principles on marriage, usury, and crusade were revised as necessary to meet--and in many ways to create--the needs of a vast body of consumers. Along the way, the book raises and answers many intriguing questions. The authors explore the reasons behind the great crusades against the Moslems, probing beyond motives of pure idealism to highlight the Church's concern with revenues from tourism and the sale of relics threatened by Moslem encroachment in the holy lands. They examine the Church's involvement in the marriage market, revealing how the clergy filled their coffers by extracting fees for blessing or dissolving marital unions, for hearing marital disputes, and even for granting permission for blood relatives to wed. And they shed light on the concept of purgatory, showing how this "product innovation" developed by the Church in the twelfth century--a form of "deferred payment"--opened the floodgates for a fresh market in post-mortem atonement through payments on behalf of the deceased. Finally, the authors show how the cumulative costs that the faithful were asked to bear eventually priced the Roman Catholic church out of the market, paving the way for Protestant reformers like Martin Luther. A ground-breaking look at the growth and decline of the medieval Church, Sacred Trust demonstrates how economic reasoning can be used to cast light on the behavior of any complex historical institution. It offers rare insight into one of the great historical powers of Western civilization, in a analysis that will intrigue anyone interested in life in the Middle Ages, in church history, or in the influence of economic motives on historical events.
The following is a fictional, suspense/thriller novel, by the author Moxie'. Its principal setting is a portion of the rural, river bottom area between the states of Texas and Louisiana, along the banks of the Sabine River. Much of the early settings for this tale also take place in, around, and throughout the Caribbean and the West Indies. This is only proper, in that a large portion of the Caucasian population on the islands of the West Indies are of Scottish or Irish descent. It is these descendants that have heavily influenced the generation of the legend of Banshee Bottom'. It should be noted that there exists two distinct types of episodes: the first being one that involves a present or evolving family relationship, regarding those involved in the accident and/or death; and the second being one that occurs, involving an accident and/or death of a close friend, or a significant acquaintance. Both types of episode may occur in close proximity, or at great distance, from the accident and/or death. In the early days of this tale, things were much as they are today, with the population being a bit more sparse than today. There was, of course, no electricity, no air conditioning, no central heat, and no cars. There are still no cities, or even large towns around the bottom; but rather just a few old timber mill towns, and farming communities. It was just such a small farming community, where this tale actually begins. In the 1880's, each family was a self-sufficient entity. Whatever I was needed to survive, they supplied for themselves by the sweat of their brows. If they couldn't grow it, they made it with their own hands. If they couldn't raise it, they hunted it and killed it; or they either trapped it, or caught it with hook and line. In the rare instances when all of this wasn't enough, they helped each other, as neighbors are meant to do.
Two different leaders, with more contrasting characteristics. Comparing the two leaders from two countries with striking contrast in size, history and government structure may seem strange. America is a democratic republic with a constitution two hundred and thirty years old; Eritrea is a dictatorship ruled by an unelected former guerrilla leader who suppressed a ratified constitution and rules by decree. However, both leaders are dedicated to the destruction of, or at the very least, the demeaning of the primary values of the democratic epoch, namely, democracy and rule of law.