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Alexander Radishchev's major work, A Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow, first published in 1790, was the most scathing denunciation of serfdom and autocracy that had ever appeared in Russia. Its author was immediately arrested, tried for treason, and condemned to death, the sentence being later commuted to exile in Siberia. Catherine the Great, who had provided Radishchev with a schooling in despotism in the Corps des Pages and with an introduction to the Enlightenment at the University of Leipzig, saw in his book a gratuitous insult to herself as well as an attempt to incite a revolt that would bring him to power. Forgetting that many of its ideas were the same as those she had herself expressed earlier, she denounced it as the fruit of foreign abstract theories acting on an excitable, ambitious and resentful man. The Journey was effectively suppressed for more than a century. Any mention of Radishchev was discouraged by the censor for seventy years. A generation after Radishchev's death in 1802, Pushkin's biography of him was refused publication permission on the ground that the subject of it was forgotten and deserved to remain so.
When this was originally published in 1959 it was the first full-length biography of Alexander Radishchev published outside Russia and was based on hitherto unpublished material, memoir literature and Radishchev’s own writings. Radishchev occupies a notable position in the history of European social thought, as the first writer to apply the criteria of the Western Age of Reason to conditions in Tsarist Russia. Sentenced to death on the orders of Catherine the Great and subsequently exiled in Siberia, Radishchev stands out as the first great figure of the Russian radical intelligentsia and the first literary victim of Tsarist official intolerance.
For the first time since the break up of the USSR, and with the help of 21 leading historians of Russian philosophy from Moscow State University including M. N. Gromov, Z. A. Kamensky, M. A. Maslin, B. G. Safronov, and V. V. Serbinenko, Valery A. Kuvakin presents a comprehensive two-volume work capturing the rich philosophical heritage of this diverse culture. These scholars discuss its interpretation of the universe, the essence of history and human existence, the ideals of knowledge and a decent life, the destiny of Russia, and the life of the world community from the 10th century through the early 20th century. These discussions are augmented with selected excerpts from original works, which served as examples of the main schools of thought.
Pavel Petrovich Svin'in (1787/88-1839) was a painter, diplomat, and journalist who spent two years as part of the first Russian diplomatic mission to the United States. Soon after returning to Russia, Svin'in published a travel narrative of his experiences.