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Describes a revised conceptual hydrogeologic model of regional groundwater flow in the crystalline rocks of the Whiteshell Research Area, Manitoba. Model boundaries were selected to coincide with the natural hydraulic boundaries assumed for the regional groundwater flow systems in the area. Rocks of the modelled region were divided on the basis of fracture characteristics into three categories: fractured zones, moderately fractured rock, and sparsely fractured rock. A fault framework formed by 76 selected fractured zones was constructed by linking the more prominent lineaments identified from satellite and airborne surveys, surface mapping, and borehole data. Physical rock/water properties were used to define a mathematical groundwater flow model, whose hydraulic properties were modified using an iterative process including sensitivity analysis and comparison with field measurements.
This is volume 6, dealing with the zion nuclear power plant, of a seven-volume report of work done at battelle's columbus laboratories to estimate the amount of radioactive material that could be released from light water reactor (lwr) power plants under specific, hypothetical accident conditions. to make these estimates, five power plants were selected that represent the major categories of lwrs: three pressurized water reactors (pwrs) and two boiling water reactors (bwrs). specifications and data from these plants, along with data from laboratory experiments, were input to computer codes designed to describe various conditions prevailing inside an operating reactor. ultimately, these computer codes provide an estimate of how much radioactive material would be able to escape to the environment if a specific series of events (an "accident sequence") took place. volume 6 of this report deals with the zion power station, a westinghouse pwr housed in a large, dry, high-pressure containment building. the two accident sequences analyzed for the zion plant were selected for comparative purposes rather than as being representative of a wide range of possible physical conditions. the computer codes used in the analyses are those used throughout all volumes of this report and are representative of the state of the art available in 1983. other power plants included in the study are surry pwr (volumes 1 and 5); peach bottom bwr (volume 2); grand gulf bwr (volume 3); and sequoyah pwr (volume 4). the seventh volume will address technical questions raised during peer review meetings sponsored by the nuclear regulatory commission.
Fractured rocks extend over much of the world, cropping out in shields, massifs, and the cores of major mountain ranges. They also form the basement below younger sedimentary rocks; at depth; they represent a continuous environment of extended and deep regional groundwater flow. Understanding of groundwater flow and solute transport in fractured rocks is vital for analysis of water resources, water quality and environmental protection, geotechnical and engineering projects, and geothermal energy production. Book chapters include theoretical and practical analyses using numerical modelling, geochemistry, isotopes, aquifer tests, laboratory tests, field mapping, geophysics, geological analyses, and some unique combinations of these types of investigation. Current water resource and geotechnical problems in many countries—and the techniques now used to address them—are also discussed. The importance of geological interpretation is re-emphasised in analysing the hydrogeology of fractured, mostly crystalline rocks and in how critical this is for understanding their hydrology and the wise utilisation of resources. This is indeed hydrogeology in its broadest sense. The importance of, but great difficulty in, extending or upscaling fractured rock hydraulic properties is also made clear. This book is aimed at practicing hydrogeologists, engineers, ecologists, resource managers, and perhaps most importantly, students and earth scientists not yet familiar with the ubiquity and importance of fractured rock systems.
This collection of proceedings from the 6th International Symposium provide a forum for the presentation, discussion and debate of state-of-the-art and emerging technology in the field of environmental management.