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This book contains the papers presented at the nineteenth annual International Conference on Urban Transport and the Environment. The papers cover research on how to minimise ecological and environmental impacts from urban transportation systems, make them sustainable, and use them to improve the socio-economic fabric of the city. Papers also address the concerns about the safety, security and efficiency of the systems.Topics covered include: Urban transport planning and Management; Transportation demand analysis; Traffic integration and control; Intelligent transport systems; Transport modelling and simulation; Land use and transport integration; Public transport systems; Environmental and ecological aspects; Air and noise pollution; Safety and security; Energy and transport fuels; Economic and social impact; and Advanced transport systems.
Urban Transport XX contains the proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Urban Transport and the Environment.Topics covered include: Environmental impact; Transport strategies; Public transport systems; Urban transport simulation; Transport safety and security; Experiences from emerging countries; Intelligent transport systems.
Introduction -- Literature review -- Survey findings -- Case examples -- Conclusions.
Driver Distraction: A Sociotechnical Systems Approach promotes a sociotechnical systems approach to driver distraction. This perspective focuses on analysis of the whole system, its values, and the interactions between human and technical elements at all organisational levels. The book covers the role that the sociotechnical system plays in the theory, study and mitigation of driver distraction. The book will be of interest to accident and incident investigation researchers and practitioners. Provides a review of the current state of driver distraction research Describes the development, application, and validation of a novel model of driver distraction that accounts for the sociotechnical system Discusses a new, systems-based, driver distraction definition Explains AcciMap analysis of the current legislation on driver distraction from technological devices Offers novel approaches to understanding why driver distraction occurs Presents a extensive framework of the causal factors that lead to distraction informed by drivers
This book focuses on the study of secondary task demands imposed by in-vehicle devices on the driver while driving. It provides a mechanism for researchers to evaluate how in-vehicle devices such as navigation systems – as well as other devices such as cell phones – affect driver distraction and impact safety. This book, which features the work presented by international experts at the 4th International Driver Metrics Workshop, in June 2008, offers a summary of the current state of driver metrics research. Edited by workshop moderator Dr. Gary L. Rupp, the book introduces vital information to support the design of in-vehicle information and communication systems (IVIS). Topics covered include: • Driver object and event detection • Peripheral detection tasks (PDT) • Tactile-based detection tasks (TDT) • Modified Sternberg method for assessing visual and cognitive load of in-vehicle tasks • Modified Sternberg method for assessing peripheral detection task and lane change tests • The relationship between performance metrics and crash risk • Characterizing driver behaviors observed in naturalist driving studies • Developing metrics from lane change test studies
Certain activities and events both inside and outside a vehicle can distract drivers and lead to degraded performance. New technologies- such as entertainment, communication, and driver assistance systems- play a significant role in distraction. This unique volume defines driver distraction, discusses various causes, and explains how to measure acceptable and unacceptable levels of distraction. Several chapters address measurement techniques based on performance and epidemiological studies. Most importantly, the text explores ways to mitigate driver distraction as well as countermeasures including vehicle design and effective legislation.
It is estimated that, in the United States, around 20 percent of all Police-reported road crashes involve driver distraction as a contributing factor. This figure increases if other forms of inattention are considered. Evidence (reviewed in this volume) suggests that the situation is similar in other countries and that driver distraction and inattention are even more dangerous as contributing factors in crashes than drug and alcohol intoxication. Having a solid evidence-base from which to develop injury countermeasures is a cornerstone of road-safety management. This book adds to the accumulating evidence-base on driver distraction and inattention. With 24 chapters by 52 authors from more than 10 countries, it provides important new perspectives on the definition and meaning of driver distraction and inattention, the mechanisms that characterize them, the measurement of their effects, strategies for mitigating their effects, and recommendations for further research. The goal of this book is to inspire further research and countermeasure development to prevent and mitigate the potentially adverse effects of driver distraction and driver inattention, and, in doing so, to save lives.