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This grammar is a reference grammar of the modern Hindi language as it is written, spoken and taught in the Hindi-speaking areas of North India. It describes the phonological, morphological and grammatical features of the Hindi language as clearly as possible, without making them conform to any particular linguistic theory. Its principal aim is thus practical: to enable students to understand how the Hindi language functions. Tables of nominal and pronominal declensions and of the verbal system are provided for quick reference. A system of grammatical interpretation (syntagmatical analysis) is described in the syntax part of this grammar in order to facilitate correct understanding and translation of both simple and complex texts, both fiction and non-fiction. The combined verbs (conventionally called compound verbs) are presented in alphabetical order. As Hindi and Urdu are essentially the same language, born of the same soil, the grammatical features described are also valid for Urdu, even though it uses a different script. Stella Sandahl, who was educated in Sweden, completed her doctoral studies in Paris with a thesis analysing the language and metres of the medieval Sanskrit text, the Gitagovinda. She was an instructor in comparative Indo-Aryan linguistics at the Universite de Paris before moving to the University of Toronto in 1977.
Volumes in the Trends in Linguistics. Documentation series focus on the presentation of linguistic data. The series addresses the sustained interest in linguistic descriptions, dictionaries, grammars and editions of under-described and hitherto undocumented languages. All world-regions and time periods are represented.
This is a comprehensive grammar of Modern Standard Hindi, the primary language spoken by more than 420 million people in India. Because each grammatical topic is thoroughly illustrated with basic examples and more complex ones from modern Hindi short stories, it can be used as a reference and supplementary grammar to any textbook from beginning to advanced levels. Its approach is efficient and effective and will be appreciated by students learning written and spoken Hindi in the classroom or independently, as well as by those wanting to read literary Hindi or teach it as a second language at the college level. Its appealing examples will enhance even heritage learners’ cultural knowledge of Hindi literature. Essential Hindi Grammar will draw in students who are new to language learning. Grammatical concepts are introduced and fully explained; basic grammatical terminology is presented in plain language but without over-simplifying material for more advanced learners. Numerous user-friendly tables accompany grammatical explanations. One of the benefits of the volume is its extensive coverage of abstract structures of the modern standard language. Drawing examples from Hindi literature, it combines the study of language with that of literature and literary culture—a rare approach to language acquisition. Scientific transliteration is provided consistently throughout the book, wherever Hindi in Devanagari is given. Essential Hindi Grammar is a solid addition to existing Hindi pedagogical materials and will assist those engaged in the acquisition of the language throughout the Anglophone world.
The area in which people speak Urdu as their mother tongue includes east and west Pakistan (where, with Bangali, it functions as the official language of the land) and northern India. The language in this volume is based on the Urdu dialect of the educated population of Pakistan. The purpose of the book is to provide the basic grammatical equipment and vocabulary necessary to conduct oneself in areas of Pakistan and India in which Urdu is the language of communication. Developed over a period of fifteen years, it is designed for students who have little or nor linguistic training.
This text provides a reader-friendly guide to the structural patterns of modern standard Hindi. Ideal for both independent learners and classroom students alike, this book covers the essentials of Hindi grammar in readable, jargon-free sections. Key features include: sections on the speech sounds of Hindi detailed analysis of Hindi sentence structure full examples throughout.