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This book argues for a new approach to governance in Africa, using mandates rather than traditional forms of democracy. Drawing on historical examples and contemporary political theory, Leys proposes a system that emphasizes direct citizen participation and accountability. He also addresses the challenges of implementing such a system in practice, including issues of corruption and minority rights. This thought-provoking work is essential reading for anyone interested in the future of African politics. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Excerpt from A Plan for Government By, Mandate in Africa Africans who were German subjects before the War are now to be governed under Mandates, "Mandate" being the name given to the directions given by the League of Nations to some State, called a "Mandatory," to which the League entrusts actual governing. This new plan of government by Mandate differs in kind, and, if the hopes of some are realised, will differ in results, from the ordinary way of governing Africans. In ordinary African dependencies the sole depository of authority is the Governor appointed by some Sovereign State in Europe. He is, in effect, absolute, as Governors and Governments of native origin, whether in Europe, Asia, or Africa, never are. The man on the spot, in an African dependency, has all the powers of a traditional Oriental despot. He may, by a simple act of sovereignty, assume the ownership of the whole of the land of the dependency or transfer a whole tribe bodily from one area to another. There is no European State with African possessions that has not done these very things. These arbitrary powers may, or may not, be used unwisely or unjustly. African Governments with arbitrary powers differ in policy and method almost as widely as European Governments with no arbitrary powers. But while in a free country the authority of the Executive is limited by other authorities of native origin, the authority of government in an African dependency is unlimited except by its own voluntary acts which may at will be undone. Whether they are called colonies or protectorates, whether their titles are derived from conquest, cession, or treaty, the Governments of dependencies in tropical Africa are, in fact, autocracies. To government of that type government by Mandate offers the completest contrast. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Vols. for 1970-1973 include: American Society of International Law. Meeting. Proceedings, 64th-67th, previously published separately; with the 68th, resumed being publihsed separately.
As the demand for education at all levels has increased, so have the models of meeting these increased demands for education. As in many other parts of the world, public education has expanded to serve large populations across the regions of Africa, the Caribbean, and the Middle East. Many nations in these regions have instituted mandates, policies, and frameworks intended to simultaneously increase access to public education opportunities as well as improve the quality of education provided and to address a wide populace. Because the increase in educational demand has occurred at all levels, these efforts often address various levels of education from early childhood through primary schooling, junior secondary and secondary schooling and into tertiary education. Efforts also have been made to increase participation in education by marginalized and/or special populations. The range of efforts is large with some focusing on involving migrants/immigrants/refugees in primary education while others aim at opening up choices at the university level. Recently, nations in the region have recognized the possibilities of digital learning (online learning) as cell phones and other widely used portable wireless devices have made it possible to sell the idea that one can learn from anywhere at any time. This widespread access to technology has made it possible for governments as well as private entities to expand learning opportunities even to populations previously unreached or to address difficult to reach sectors of the population. At the same time, the population itself has not only increased in numbers but in diversity. Maintaining quality through digital and other means of quick expansion of educational opportunities continues to be challenging if not problematic. Effects of Government Mandates and Policies on Public Education in Africa, the Caribbean, and the Middle East is Book IX of the series, Research on Education in Africa, the Caribbean, and the Middle East. Chapters document, describe and/or raise critical issues and/or questions resulting from government policies, mandates and frameworks intended to make available public education to an ever-growing populace while at the same time being mindful of improving quality of education being availed to an increasingly diverse populace.
In this comprehensive study, 15 African experts describe and analyse the military budgetary processes and degree of parliamentary oversight and control in nine countries of Africa, spanning across all the continent's sub-regions. Each case study addresses a wide range of questions, such as the roles of the ministries of finance, budget offices, audit departments and external actors in the military budgetary processes, the extent of compliance with standard public expenditure management procedures, and how well official military expenditure figures reflect the true economic resources devoted to military activities in these countries.
Wangari Maathai, founder of The Green Belt Movement, tells its story including the philosophy behind it, its challenges, and objectives.