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Traditional narratives of capitalist change often rely on the myth of the willful entrepreneur from the global North who transforms the economy and delivers modernity—for good or ill—to the rest of the world. With Cigarettes, Inc., Nan Enstad upends this story, revealing the myriad cross-cultural encounters that produced corporate life before World War II. In this startling account of innovation and expansion, Enstad uncovers a corporate network rooted in Jim Crow segregation that stretched between the United States and China and beyond. Cigarettes, Inc. teems with a global cast—from Egyptian, American, and Chinese entrepreneurs to a multiracial set of farmers, merchants, factory workers, marketers, and even baseball players, jazz musicians, and sex workers. Through their stories, Cigarettes, Inc. accounts for the cigarette’s spectacular rise in popularity and in the process offers nothing less than a sweeping reinterpretation of corporate power itself.
'It is researched in great detail and well illustrated; the photos of the Indian and Chinese markets are fascinating' -Social History of Medicine'Of particular interest is the book's detailed study of the role of BAT in the Indian and Chinese markets in the early part of the twentieth century' -Social History of Medicine'Extremely well-researched, well-written, and sobering account... the book is excellent and will appeal to a wide audience' -Business History Review'Authoritative account... many interesting details... some splendid photographs' -Times Literary SupplementThe Global Cigarette provides the first authoritative account of The British American Tobacco Company's evolution and growth up until the Second World War. Based on archive materials from a wide variety of sources, including the company's own records, the book shows the way in which the company developed a vast array of international operating subsidiaries, explores how it managed these enterprises in different political and cultural contexts - notably in China and India - and analyses the way in which the company, as a mature multinational enterprise, coped with the severe international economic dislocations of the 1930s.
Preliminary Material --Contributors /S. Lock, L. A. Reynolds and E. M. Tansey --Introduction /Stephen Lock --Webs of Drug Dependence: Towards a Political History of Tobacco /Jordan Goodman --'A Microbe of the Devil's Own Make': Religion and Science in the British Anti-Tobacco Movement, 1853-1908 /Matthew Hilton and Simon Nightingale --The Moral Symbolism of Tobacco in Dutch Genre Painting /David Harley --Tobacco and Victorian Literature /Hugh Cockerell --Pushing the Weed: The Editorializing and Advertising of Tobacco in the Lancet and the British Medical Journal, 1880-1958 /Peter Bartrip --The First Reports on Smoking and Lung Cancer /Richard Doll --Science and Policy: The Case of Postwar British Smoking Policy /Virginia Berridge --Blow Some My Way: Passive Smoking, Risk and American Culture /Allan M. Brandt --Smoking and the Royal College of Physicians /Christopher C. Booth --Ashes to Ashes: Witness on Smoking /Francis Avery Jones --The Story of the Reports on Smoking and Health by the Royal College of Physicians /Charles Fletcher --ASH: Witness on Smoking /David Simpson --Austin Bradford Hill and the Nobel Prize /John Crofton --Horace Joules' Role in the Control of Cigarette Smoking /Keith Ball --The History of the Norwegian Ban on Tobacco Advertising /Kjell Bjartveit --Concluding Remarks /Roy Porter --Index /S. Lock, L. A. Reynolds and E. M. Tansey.
A reassessment of the vigilante bands that sought to force small, independent-minded tobacco growers to adhere to practices that would benefit the larger farmers in areas of Kentucky, Tennessee, Illinois, and Missouri. Argues that they were not against modernization, but wanted to maintain their elite status by engaging in the national market while keeping their black workers cheap and dependent. The chapters have been published previously as articles. Paper edition (unseen), $16.95. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
This is the first major study in Chinese business history based largely on business's own records. It focuses on the battle for the cigarette market in early twentieth-century China between the British-American Tobacco Company, based in New York and London, and its leading Chinese rival, Nanyang Brothers Tobacco Company, whose headquarters were in Hong Kong and Shanghai. From its founding in 1902, the British-American Tobacco Company maintained a lucrative monopoly of the market until 1915, when Nanyang entered China and extended tis operations into the country's major markets despite the use of aggressive tactics against it. Both companies grew rapidly during the 1920s, and competition between them reached its peak, but by 1930 Nanyang weakened, bringing an end to serious commercial rivalry. Though less competitive, both companies continued to trade in China until their Sino-foreign rivalry ended altogether with the founding of the People's Republic in 1949. Debate over international commercial rivalries has often been conducted broadly in terms of imperialist exploitation and economic nationalism. This study shows the usefulness and limitations of these terms for historical purposes and contributes to the separate but related debate over the significance of entrepreneurial innovation in Chinese economic history. By analyzing the foreign Chinese companies' business practices and by describing their involvement in diplomatic incidents, boycotts, strikes, student protests, relations with peasant tobacco growers, dealings with the Kuomintang and Chinese Communist Party, and a host of other activities, the author brings to light the roles that big businesses played not only in China's economy but also in its politics, society, and foreign affairs.
A well-researched, informative book in which Robert Sobel, the noted financial historian, explores the lives and careers of nine representative innovators in business during the last 200 years, men frequently overlooked by contemporary social and political historians: Francis Cabot Lowell, John Wanamaker, Cyrus McCormick, James Hill, James Duke, Theodore Vail, Marcus Loew, Donald Douglas, and Royal Little. Each one was selected to illustrate a different aspect of American business tradition. All share the ability to grasp opportunity and to oppose conventional wisdom when necessary, both of which contributed to the fabric of modern corporate life. In the aggregate they created new organizational traditions that were imitated throughout the Western world. Book jacket.