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In May-July 1996, Fort Knox contract archaeologists conducted a Phase I survey of 37.34 ha (92.26 acres) in Training Areas 3 and 6, Fort Knox, Hardin County, Kentucky, in advance of soil rehabilitation. The survey recorded 15Hd528-15Hd535 and five isolated finds. Sites 15Hd528, l5Hd53O, 15Hd532, 15Hd533, and isolated finds TA3-IFl and TA6-IF2 through TA6-IF4 have indeterminate prehistoric components. Sites 15Hd529 and 15Hd531 have Late Archaic-Early Woodland components, and 15Hd534 has Late Archaic and Late Woodland-Mississippian components. TA6-IF1 is an unidentified Middle-Late Archaic projectile point. Site 15Hd535 is a late nineteenth-early twentieth century historic site. Sites 15Hd528-15Hd530 and 15Hd532-15Hd535 and the isolated finds are not eligible for the National Register, and no further archaeological investigation is recommended for them. Site 15Hd531 is potentially eligible for the National Register due to the presence of intact topsoil over much of the site and conditions not conducive to a complete evaluation of the site. The tank trail passing through 15Hd531 is eroded well into subsoil, so grading it will not affect intact areas of the site. It is recommended that archaeologists monitor tree planting in the 15Hd531 vicinity, examining soil profiles and screening the soil prior to backfilling of the tree root holes.
In April-June 1996, Fort Knox contract archaeologists conducted a Phase I survey of 33.7 ha (83.3 acres) and reexamined 14.0 ha (34.6 acres) in Rehabilitation Area 7, Fort Knox, Meade County, Kentucky. In or near Rehab Area 7, the survey recorded 15Md383-15Md386 and revisited 15Md178-15Md180, 15Hd184, and 15Md362. Rehab Areas 6 and 8 were previously surveyed. Site 15Md382 was recorded in or near Rehab Area 6. No sites were recorded in Rehab Area 8. Sites 15Md178- 15Md180, 15Md362, 15Md382, 15Md383, 15Md385, and 15Md386 have indeterminate pre- historic components. Sites 15Md362 and 15Md386 also have ca. 1800-1925 historic components. Sites 15Md184 and 15Md384 are ca. 1850-1940 historic sites. No evidence was found of 15Md178-l5MdlSO, presumed to be destroyed. Sites 15Md362 and 15Md382-15Md385 are not eligible for the National Register. The rehab portion of 15Md386 is heavily disturbed, but the wooded portion contains intact deposits potentially eligible for the National Register. Site 15Md184 has intact cultural deposits, is potentially eligible for the National Register, and is outside any rehab area. If wooded areas of 15Md3S6 are avoided, rehab activities will not affect National Register eligible resources. No further study is recommended for the sites in conjunction with this project, but study is needed of 15Md184 and 15Md386 if future earthmoving activities will affect them.
In April-June 1996, Fort Knox contract archaeologists conducted a Phase I survey of 95.6 ha (236.3 acres) and reexamined 50.0 ha (123.5 acres) in Rehabilitation Areas 1-5 and 9-11, Training Areas 8, 9, and 10, Fort Knox, Meade County, Kentucky. Twenty-one sites (15Md387-15Md407) and eight isolates were recorded and 15Md190, 15Md196, 15Md198, 15Md217, 15Md218, 15Md221, 15Md222, 15Md231, and 15Md237 were revisited. Sites 15Md190, 15Md198, 15Md217, 15Md218, 15Md3S7- 15Md391, 15Md393-15Md396, 15Md398-l5Md4Ol, and 15Md403-15Md407 and the isolated finds are not eligible for the National Register. No additional study is recommended for these 22 sites or the isolates. Sites 15Md196, 15Md221, 15Md222, 15Md231, 15Md237, 15Md392, 15Md397, and 15Md402 are potentially eligible for the National Register. Further research and/or protection measures are recommended at these eight sites. Sites 15Md188 and 15Md189 were not relocated in the tank trail to be rehabbed. Sites 15Md199, 15Md216, and 15Md220 were not inspected because they were inaccessible and will not be subjected to earthmoving in the current project. No archaeological work is recommended at 15Md188, l5Md189, 15Md199, 15Md216, and 15Md220, in conjunction with the rehab project, but is recommended if future undertakings will affect vegetated areas adjoining the tank.
In February and April 1994 the Fort Knox Staff Archeologist and Assistant Staff Archeologist conducted a Phase I archeological survey of an area proposed for rehabilitation in Hunting Area 57, on the Fort Knox Military Reservation, Hardin County, Kentucky. The survey resulted in the recording of one archeological site, 15Hd491. Site 15Hd491 is a late nineteenth to early twentieth century farmstead. The site has been completely destroyed by military training activities, and is not eligible for the National Register. No additional archeological work is recommended for 15Hd491. It is recommended that the installation be permitted to conduct the rehabilitation activities as proposed.
In October-November 1993, a Phase I survey of 133.6 ha (330.2 acres) in 11 scheduled rehabilitation areas on Fort Knox, Hardin and Meade Counties, Kentucky, revisited 15Md143, 15Md154, 15Md163, and 15Md175, and recorded 15Hd482-15Hd487, 15Md336-15Md342, and five isolated finds (IFs). 15Hd17 could not be relocated. Cemetery #37 lies partially in one project area. Cemeteries usually are not eligible for the National Register, but must be protected under KRS 72.020. 15Hd482-15Hd485, 15Md175, 15Md338, and 15Md340 are lithic scatters (15Md340, Middle Archaic; the rest, indeterminate). 15Hd487, 15Md143, 15Md154, 15Md163, 15Md336, 15Md341, and 15Hd342 have prehistoric (15Md336, Middle Archaic; the rest, indeterminate) and historic (15Hd342, mid nineteenth-early twentieth century; the rest, late nineteenth-early twentieth century) components. 15Hd337 is a late nineteenth-early twentieth century farmstead. 15Hd482-15Hd485, 15Md143, 15Md154, 15Md163, 15Md175, 15Md336-15Md338, 15Md340-15Md342, and the IFs are not eligible for the National Register, and no additional investigations are recommended. 15Hd486, an Early-Middle and Late Archaic open habitation site, is potentially eligible for the National Register, and combined Phase III/III testing and mitigation is recommended. 15Md339 is of indeterminate pre-historic affiliation, and is mostly buried. It is potentially eligible for the National Register, and deep testing is recommended.
In May 1996, the Fort Knox contract archaeological staff conducted a Phase I archaeological survey of the proposed Heins Range bivouac area, adjoining Longstreet Range Road, on Fort Knox, Hardin County, Kentucky. The bivouac area is irregular in shape, with a maximum length of 854 m (2800 feet) and a maximum width of 274 m (900 feet), encompassing approximately 14.5 ha (35.7 acres). The survey resulted in the discovery of no archaeological materials or deposits. A portion of the L and N Turnpike corridor segment that has been nominated to the National Register of Historic Places forms the west boundary of the project area. It is recommended that the bivouac area be developed as proposed, provided that a buffer zone of trees is left along the west boundary to prevent vehicle access to and from the t and N Turnpike and to maintain the historic visual appearance of the L and N Turnpike corridor.
In February 1994, the Fort Knox Assistant Staff Archeologist conducted a Phase I archeological survey of the area within and around a proposed sports complex, approximately 28.2 ha (69.7 acres) in size, on the Fort Knox Military Reservation, Hardin County, Kentucky. A literature review of the historic settlement in this area was completed prior to the fieldwork and was incorporated in the research plan. Field observation during the current study revealed that most of the area had been altered by military construction and earthmoving, and the undisturbed areas contained no historic or prehistoric cultural materials. The survey resulted in the discovery of no archeological materials or deposits. It is recommended that the sports complex area be developed as proposed.
In March and April 1994 the Fort Knox Staff Archeologist and Assistant Staff Archeologist conducted a Phase I archaeological survey of possible borrow areas for the Yano to Cedar Creek Road improvements on the Fort Knox Military Reservation, Hardin County, Kentucky. The project area encompassed 23.2 ha (57.3 acres). The study recorded 15Hd489 and 15Hd490, revisited 15Hd120 and 15Hd121, and tentatively relocated 15Hd246. 15Hd121 (Late Woodland or Mississippian) could not be adequately assessed due to field conditions. It is recommended that 15Hd121 be excluded from the borrow areas unless it is tested. Site 15Hd246, a limestone mound believed to be historic structural debris, may lie in a brush pile at the reported site location, but the brush pile prevented access to the site. It is recommended that 15Hd246 be excluded from borrowing until it can be tested, 15Hd12O (indeterminate), 15Hd489 (indeterminate), and 15Hd490 (Late Woodland) are small, prehistoric upland open habitation sites, and are not eligible for the National Register. It is recommended that, with the exception of the two sites in need of further investigation, the borrow areas be used as proposed.
A Phase I archaeological study was conducted of two areas, totalling 121 ha (299 acres), scheduled for rehabilitation on the Fort Knox Military Reservation, Meade county, Kentucky. The survey, conducted from April-August 1994, recorded 30 sites (15Md347-15Md376), and 10 prehistoric isolated finds. The sites include Early Archaic through Middle Woodland components, plus prehistoric sites of indeterminate affiliation, and mid nineteenth to mid twentieth century historic sites. Sites 15Md347, 15Md348, 15Md350, 15Md352-15Md374, 15Md376, and the isolated finds are not eligible for the National Register. No additional archaeological investigations are recommended for these sites and isolated finds. Sites 15Md349 (Late Archaic), 15Md351 (Late Archaic), and 15Md375 (Early Archaic and Middle Woodland) are open habitation sites. They are considered potentially eligible for the National Register, because of the possibility of intact cultural deposits and/or the possibility of identifiable activity areas on the site surface. Additional archaeological investigations are recommended for 15Md349, 15Md351, and 15Md375. These investigations should be integrated into and coordinated with the rehab activities.
In January 1996, the Fort Knox contract archaeology staff conducted a Phase I archaeological survey of a proposed timber harvest and highway safety improvement tract north of the intersection of Highway 31W (Dixie Highway) and Highway 835 south of West Point on the Fort Knox Military Reservation, Hardin County, Kentucky. The project area is irregularly shaped. It is a maximum of 500 m long and 30 m wide, encompassing approximately 1.5 ha (3.7 acre) immediately adjoining the roads. An access route 60 m long by 50 m wide, encompassing 0.3 ha (0.7 acres), was also inspected. No archaeological sites were found in this study. It is recommended that the timber harvest be conducted as proposed.