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These proceedings emanate from the Second Prouts Neck Conference on prostate cancer held on October 17-19, 1986, the theme of which was treat ment, with focus on current issues and future research that is needed to answer critical questions related to optimal management of the various stages of prostate cancer. The objective was to reveal the most crucial problems impeding progress and to crystallize the combined multidisci plinary input generated by the conference into focused concepts or recommendations for presentation to the National Cancer Institute (NCI) , with the ultimate intent of targeting research to address the priority issues identified. In organizing the workshop, every effort was made to maintain a multidisciplinary balance among nationally renowned authorities on prostate cancer. Thus, leading surgeons, radiation and medical onco logists and biostatisticians were in equal presence. While there were spirited exchanges with careful scrutiny and critique of all data pre sented, there was a common belief that the challenge of prostate cancer would be best approached in this multidisciplinary Organ Systems-oriented fashion. During the course of the conference, it became apparent to all present that major nomenclature and procedural barriers have made it generally difficult, and frequently impossible, to compare results of clinical research.
Background Cancer is a variety of malignancies generally associated with aging. As the overall health technology and health care delivery improved with the advances made in medicine and science in the United States, the life expectancy of the population also increased. The average life expectancy in the U. S. A. has increased from 49 years at the end of 1900 to 75 years today in 1990 (1-3). The population of 65 years and older that constituted 25. 5 million or 11. 3% of the total U. S. population in 1980(4) has now increased to 31. 1 million or 12. 5% of the population according to the 1990(5) census. As cancer diagnosis and treatment have improved, cancer mortality among patients under 55 has been significantly reduced within recent years *1; however, cancer incidence under 55 is still increasing at about 0. 4% per year (as compared to 1. 0% for all ages or 0. 6% for
Presents the broad outline of NIH organizational structure, theprofessional staff, and their scientific and technical publications covering work done at NIH.
The biology of solid tumor metastasis has been the subject of significant scientific and clinical interest for years and while experimental evidence reveals that metastasis is not solely a random event, very little is known about the biology of metastasis originating from prostate cancer. This is in spite of the fact that the majority of prostate cancer patients die with metastatic lesions to the bone. Progress in understanding this most important aspect of prostate cancer has been hampered by the lack of suitable animal models and an inability to accurately quantify bone metastases and their responses to therapy. Over the past decade, scientists in Japan and the United States have steadily advanced our understanding of the cellular, molecular and immunologic biology of primary and disseminated prostate cancer. It is this body of new information, combined with advances in imaging techniques and prostate cancer tumor markers, that prompted the need for an in-depth assessment of bone metastasis of prostate cancer. Accordingly, on December 12, 1990, a group of basic and clinical investigators from Japan and the United States convened in Gotenba, Japan, to hold the first conference devoted solely to the basic biology and clinical aspects of bone metastases originating from prostate cancer. The cross-fertilization of ideas that was fostered through in-depth discussion of technological advances among various basic and clinical disciplines not only further advanced our understanding of prostate metastases to the bone, but suggested approaches for precise quantitative assessment of these lesions and their treatment.
A summary of the highlights of the Second International Forum on Prostate Cancer, held in Cambridge in 1998. The contributors include scientists, epidemiologists and clinicians who provide both a North American and a European view of treatment. The patient's perspective is also considered.
The European School of Oncology came into existence to respond to a need for information, education and training in the field of the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. There are two main reasons :o/hy such an initiative was considered necessary. Firstly, the teaching of oncology requires a rigorously multidisciplinary approach which is difficult for the Universities to put into practice since their system is mainly disciplinary orientated. Secondly, the rate of technological development that impinges on the diagnosis and treatment of cancer has been so rapid that it is not an easy task for medical faculties to adapt their curricula flexibly. With its residential courses for organ pathologies and the seminars on new techniques (laser, monoclonal antibodies, imaging techniques etc.) or on the principal therapeutic controversies (conservative or mutilating surgery, primary or adjuvant chemotherapy, radiotherapy alone or integrated), it is the ambition of the European School of Oncology to fill a cultural and scientific gap and, thereby, create a bridge between the University and Industry and between these two and daily medical practice. One of the more recent initiatives of ESO has been the institution of permanent study groups, also called task forces, where a limited number of leading experts are invited to meet once a year with the aim of defining the state of the art and possibly reaching a consensus on future developments in specific fields of oncology.
Prostate brachytherapy has evolved into a sophisticated treatment modality, used either as monotherapy or in combination with external beam radiation therapy for the treatment of prostate cancer. This book covers both basic and advanced techniques for prostate brachytherapy and is appropriate for the practitioner involved with permanent radioactive seed implants. Topics include: patient selection, equipment decisions, treatment planning, operative techniques, post-implant evaluation, and follow-up after implant. The text is for urologists, radiation oncologists, medical oncologists, and medical physicists.
Advanced Therapy of Prostate Disease, from the inital to post-surgical psychological concerns, this book is a complete guide to every step of prostate disease treatment. First, it describes the physical exam in detail, as well as laboratory and imaging techniques that can confirm a diagnosis. Then, the pros and cons of treatment methods for every type and variation of prostate cancer and benign conditions are discussed. Post-surgical treatment (including behavioral issues) is also outlined.
The growth of uro-oncology has been one of the dramatic features of the past decade in urology. Basic science research into the immunol ogy and molecular biology of cancer is beginning to impact on clinical urology and this poses a number of problems, both for practising urologists and basic scientists. If they are going to contribute to future research in this area they will have to communicate with each other: at present there is a gap which is widening at an increasingly rapid rate. One of the aims of this book is to bridge this gap by collating the views of a group of internationally distinguished scientists and clinicians in order to make this information more easily accessible. It is intended that the book will be useful to any urologist interested in recent developments in uro-oncology both at the clinical and basic science level. I believe the book has a useful function not otherwise fulfilled by present texts. The first section of the book is directed towards bladder cancer.
The fifth of the annual research conferences of the American Institute for Cancer Research was held September l-2, 1994, at the L'Enfant Plaza Hotel in Washington, DC. Appropriately, in view of current directions in research, the theme was "Diet and Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms of Interactions". This proceedings volume contains chapters from the platform presentations and abstracts from the poster session held on the end of the first day. The subtopics for the tl;rree sessions held were "Retinoids, Vitamins A and Din Cancer Prevention and Therapy," "Choline and Lipids: Signal Transduction, Gene Expression and Growth Regulation," and "Dietary Factors and Regulation of Oncogenes, Growth and Differentiation. " A general overview on vitamins A and D emphasized that A and D, in addition to their established roles in vision, reproduction, and bone mineral homeostasis, may play significant roles in regulating cell function. Vitamin A metabolites, trans-retinoic acid and 9-cis-retinoic acid, regulate growth and differentiation. Furthermore, vitamin A deprived animals were more susceptible to both spontaneous and carcinogen-induced tumors. Epidemiological studies showed a correlation between low A intake and higher incidences of certain types of human cancers. Conversely, all-trans retinoic acid is useful in treatment and control of certain types of cancer. Physiologically, Vitamin D is converted to the active form, l ,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (VD). VD regulates hormone production and secretion, myocardial contractility, vascu 3 3 3 lar tone, and growth inhibition and differentiation.