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This report defines a work zone, its capacity, and how it is estimated. The importance of capacity is also mentioned since it is directly used in the calculation of user delay due to a work zone. The impact of delay on user costs is also discussed. A methodology is presented which relates queue delay with ADT. Queue delay due to a work zone is calculated using a plot between time, cumulative volume, and capacity. The area between the curves represents queue delay. Three software packages are evaluated for calculation of user delay and cost due to a work zone. None of them were adequate for calculating delay due to queue formation.
This synthesis report will be of interest to transportation agency planners; design, construction, and maintenance engineers; and administrators, managers, economists, and other decisionmakers involved in programming highway pavement projects. This synthesis describes current practice with regard to road user and mitigation costs in highway pavement projects. Information for the synthesis was collected by surveying U.S. and Canadian transportation agencies and by conducting a literature search of both domestic and foreign publications. This report of the Transportation Research Board provides detailed information on the various methods employed by transportation agencies to estimate user costs. The advantages and disadvantages of each are reported. Information on the various components of user costs (that is, time related, vehicle operating, safety, and environmental costs) is also included. In addition, the study reports on the various mitigation strategies available to agencies to reduce user costs. Information is also provided on how user costs and mitigation strategies have been applied to evaluate different alternatives; and how uncertainties, political considerations, and quality control contribute to the decisionmaking process.
This synthesis presents a review of the current practices associated with the techniques and policies employed by state and local transportation agencies to address the many project development issues required for the reconstruction of existing urban and suburban freeways and expressways. This topic is of special interest because there is a need to reconstruct many highway facilities that have been in existence for over 40 years. The need arises both from the deterioration of the infrastructure and from changes in capacity requirements. This synthesis will be of interest to state and local highway design engineers, traffic engineers, finance and contracting specialists, and contracting personnel in these agencies. It will also be of interest to consultants who are engaged in freeway/expressway reconstruction projects. While many of the project development methodologies in practice for reconstruction of urban and suburban freeways and expressways are similar to those used for new construction, there are unique differences that apply primarily to the reconstruction of major urban highway facilities. This report of the Transportation Research Board highlights the similarities and differences in the planning and management of projects as well as in contracting and financing innovations. Methods for effectively managing traffic during the reconstruction process are important to the process, as are traffic control procedures in the work zone. Public participation and public information dissemination related to traffic changes are vitally important to the effective completion of a reconstruction project. Other aspects, such as the design process, including the use of 3-D and 4-D visualization, pavement renewal procedures, environmental impact mitigation and enhancement activities, that are considered in the process are also addressed.
Pavement and Asset Management contains contributions from the World Conference on Pavement and Asset Management (WCPAM 2017, Baveno, Italy, 12-16 June 2017). For the first time, the European Pavement and Asset Management Conference (EPAM) and the International Conference on Managing Pavement Assets (ICMPA) were joining forces for a global event that aimed not only at academics and researchers, but also at practitioners, engineers and technicians dealing with everyday tasks and responsibilities related to transport infrastructures pavement and asset management. Pavement and Asset Management covers a wide range of topics, from emerging research to engineering practice, and is grouped under the following themes: - Data quality and monitoring - Economics, political and environmental management, strategies - Deterioration models - Key performance indicators - PMS-case studies - Design and materials - M&R treatments - LCA & LCCA - Risk and safety - Bridge and tunnel management - Smart infrastructure and IT Pavement and Asset Management will be valuable to academics and professionals interested and/or involved in issues related to transport infrastructures pavement and asset management.
The Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) occasionally includes an incentive/ disincentive for early completion (I/D) in its construction contracts. This report presents the results of a project to identify procedures that would (1) enhance the effectiveness and enforceability of the I/D provision and (2) reduce the staff time and effort necessary to determine the need for an I/D and to calculate an appropriate per-day dollar amount. The researcher first reviewed the relevant literature pertaining to construction contracts and to road user cost calculation, and then evaluated the available user cost methodologies, especially computer software. Next, the researcher surveyed the current use of I/D provisions in Virginia and other states, and described VDOT's current project development process, with special emphasis on the user cost data that are typically generated during that process. The report makes five conclusions. First, various forms of I/D, though known by a variety of names, are fundamentally similar. Second, use of an incentive rather than a disincentive alone enhances the enforceability of the disincentive clause, though it may increase the final cost of the contract. Third, cost-plus-time bidding enhances the effectiveness of the incentive clause and the enforceability of the disincentive clause. Fourth, the end of the design public hearing is a logical point for VDOT to judge the need for an I/D. Fifth, road user cost savings calculated from the output of the Highway Capacity Software already in common use in VDOT forms a legally sound justification for a per-day dollar I/D amount.
This guide is designed to provide direction on the monitoring of traffic characteristics. It begins with a discussion of the structure of traffic characteristics monitoring and traffic counting. The next two sections cover vehicle classification and truck weighing. The last section presents the coordinated record formats for station identification, traffic volume, vehicle classification, and truck weight data.
The purpose of this manual is to provide clear and helpful information for maintaining gravel roads. Very little technical help is available to small agencies that are responsible for managing these roads. Gravel road maintenance has traditionally been "more of an art than a science" and very few formal standards exist. This manual contains guidelines to help answer the questions that arise concerning gravel road maintenance such as: What is enough surface crown? What is too much? What causes corrugation? The information is as nontechnical as possible without sacrificing clear guidelines and instructions on how to do the job right.