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The development of a proficient staff at the Joint Level is primarily accomplished through the use of computer aided exercises CAXs). The primary purpose of these exercises is to increase the readiness of the staff to perform actual missions from standing up a Joint Task Force (JTF) to redeployment of the forces. A measure of the tasks required of a staff is accomplished through a Mission Essential Task List from the Universal Joint Task List (JTL,). This document defines critical events and activities that must be accomplished to achieve the desired mission goals. The measurement of that performance from actual data from the computer model has been limited. This thesis provides a methodology that assists in the evaluation of force protection. This quantitative analysis can be provided quickly and concurrent to the exercise. Immediate feedback helps the staff and commander to understand why an outcome happened through linkage of JTL tasks. This methodology was tested using the Joint Theater Level Simulation and the results demonstrating the methodology and analysis of the output are presented.
Due to growing operational constraints accelerated by the Global War on Terror, the United States Navy is looking for alternative methods of training to maintain its force in a high status of readiness. Updates in technology over the last decade have prompted Navy officials to take the initiative to update its training technologies. Computer-Based Instruction provides alternative means of training so that the training of war-fighters can be accomplished efficiently and effectively, saving the U.S. Navy time and resources while maintaining a high state of readiness. The goal of this thesis is to combine the principles of Instructional Design Systems (ISD) technology and advanced Simulation in order to produce a multimedia training capability for Navy and Marine Corps Officers. Specifically this thesis applies ISD principles to engineer and improve the Anti-Terrorism Force Protection (AT/FP) Officer Course Level II (ATO Level II Course) lessons for use by Navy and Marine Corps officers. The SavageStudio scenario generation application, originally designed for assessment of force protection measures in a port environment, is used to allow students to develop simulation lessons for this course. The final product of this thesis is a training course consisting of two lessons combining Computer- Based Training and Simulation providing interactive lessons and exercises, and two media delivery comparison studies with results for the Anti-Terrorism Force Protection lessons. The first study compared media effectiveness of Computer-Based Training versus Classroom instruction. The second study assessed the effectiveness of Computer-Based Training and the use of simulation for AT/FP.
One of the primary training tools available to a Unified Commander- in-Chief (CINC) for training his staff on their joint mission essential tasks (JMETLs) is a command post exercise supported by a computer simulation model, commonly referred to as a Computer Aided Exercise (CAX). Currently, little quantitative data are captured during the exercise allowing for quick post- exercise analysis of critical staff processes inherent in the CINC's exercise training objectives. The objective of thus thesis is to develop an exercise analysis methodology for evaluating the execution of joint tasks during the conduct of a CAX. Specific objectives are first to demonstrate a methodology for developing quantifiable measures of effectiveness (MOEs). These MOEs must reflect the hierarchical structure of tasks given in the Universal Joint Tasks List (J3JTL) as applied to three levels of war (vertical linkage), and functionality considerations between related enabling tasks (horizontal linkage) . The second specific objective is to determine methods to capture task performance data within the design of the simulation. This is intended to support the exercise analysis by capturing critical decisions, assumptions, and causal factors which, in turn, lead to observed scenario outcomes. This objective involves demonstrating the methodology in an exercise conducted utilizing the Joint Theater Level Simulation (JTLS). The effort in this thesis is focused exclusively on joint tasks involving force protection, particularly air defense, of a battlegroup in the littoral region; however, the principles of the methodology are applicable to the entire spectrum of tasks in the UJTL.
The development of proficient Joint Staffs at the Joint Task Force level is receiving increased emphasis. One of the primary training tools available is the use of computer aided exercises. In utilizing these devices for training Joint Task Force Staffs, many observations can be made over the course of the exercise which aid in assessing readiness. The primary document used to focus the training and assessment effort is the Universal Joint Task List. The list provides both the staff and evaluators with a common document outlining critical events and activities which require successfull accomplishment. The document is organized in a manner which defines activities associated with the many functional areas of staff activity including logistics, intelligence, force protection, and operational firepower planning. It is the purpose of this thesis to provide a methodology for objectively assessing the staffs ability to conduct operational maneuver. Experimental runs using the Joint Theater Level Simulation demonstrate how critical events and command control decisions affect the tempo of battle and produce data elements which are useful in developing measures of performance for operational maneuver.
One of the primary training tools available to a Joint Commander in Chief (CINC) for training his staff on their joint mission essential tasks is a command post exercise supported by a computer simulation model. Computer Aided Exercises (CAXs) are an essential part of training a component staff, however one weakness lies in the measurement of the level of training received by the players. In most CAXs the players rapidly disperse after the exercise, and not only is no quantitative data captured but in most cases they don't receive a detailed debrief. This research presents a methodology for evaluating the performance of joint mobilization tasks as set forth in the Universal Joint Task List (UJTL). The UJTL provides both the staff and evaluators with a common document outlining the critical events and activities which require successful accomplishment. The UJTL is organized in such a manner which defines activities such as logistics, intelligence, and force protection. It is the purpose of this thesis to provide a methodology for collectively assessing the effectiveness of a staff's joint mobilization plan. Experimental runs using the Joint Theater Level Simulation (JTLS) are presented to demonstrate the methodology and the subsequent analysis process.
The Air Force Research Laboratory is conducting research and development of a computer-based simulation capability to support training in decision-making and team coordination for security forces ground operations. Simulation software supports the interaction (over a local area network) of trainees with each other and with computer-generated forces (CGF's) that simulate behavior and communications of enemy, neutral, and friendly troops and civilians. Radio functions allow multi-channel communication among instructors, trainees, and CGF's. Trainees can practice decision-making and team coordination in a number of scenarios with varying threat and environmental conditions. Current systems are too costly for training large numbers of security forces because they require an on-site technician to develop simulation exercises, control the exercise, serve as role players, task CGF's, and support after action reviews. Consequently, design and development of a simulation control interface that can be directly used by instructors and trainees is an important R & D objective. For the security forces simulation capability the goal is to design a control interface that instructors can learn to use in two hours and trainees can learn to use in thirty minutes. To achieve this goal, a Windows-based control interface (with a number of video game features) was adopted as the initial point of departure. Menu options were developed to correspond to the standard mission planning procedures used by security forces and drag-and-drop functions were developed to replace menu options to contribute to usability. We have conducted an evaluation of the initial user interface with school instructors and trainees. The paper describes the emerging control interface, the approach to and outcomes from a field evaluation of the interface to include actual times required for instructors and trainees to learn to use the system and instructors' acceptability evaluations.
One of the primary training tools available to a Joint Commander in Chief (CINC) for training his staff on their joint mission essential tasks is a command post exercise supported by a computer simulation model. Computer Aided Exercises (CAXs) are an essential part of training a component staff, however one weakness lies in the measurement of the level of training received by the players. In most CAXs the players rapidly disperse after the exercise, and not only is no quantitative data captured but in most cases they don't receive a detailed debrief. This research presents a methodology for evaluating the performance of joint mobilization tasks as set forth in the Universal Joint Task List (UJTL). The UJTL provides both the staff and evaluators with a common document outlining the critical events and activities which require successful accomplishment. The UJTL is organized in such a manner which defines activities such as logistics, intelligence, and force protection. It is the purpose of this thesis to provide a methodology for collectively assessing the effectiveness of a staff's joint mobilization plan. Experimental runs using the Joint Theater Level Simulation (JTLS) are presented to demonstrate the methodology and the subsequent analysis process.