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This book is designed as a laboratory guide for the food microbiologist, to assist in the isolation and identification of common food-borne fungi. We emphasise the fungi which cause food spoilage, but also devote space to the fungi commonly encountered in foods at harvest, and in the food factory. As far as possible, we have kept the text simple, although the need for clarity in the descriptions has necessitated the use of some specialised mycological terms. The identification keys have been designed for use by microbiologists with little or no prior knowledge of mycology. For identification to genus level, they are based primarily on the cultural and physiological characteristics of fungi grown under a standardised set of conditions. The microscopic features of the various fungi become more important when identifying isolates at the species level. Nearly all of the species treated have been illustrated with colony photographs, together with photomicrographs or line drawings. The photomicrographs were taken using a Zeiss WL microscope fitted with Nomarski interference contrast optics. We are indebted to Mr W. Rushton and Ms L. Burton, who printed the many hundreds of photographs used to make up the figures in this book. We also wish to express out appreciation to Dr D.L. Hawksworth, Dr A.H.S.
In our view, the First International Penicillium and Aspergillus Workshop held in Baarn and Amsterdam in May, 1985, was a great success. The assembly in one place of so many specialists in these two genera produced both interesting viewpoints and lively discussions. But more particularly, a remarkable cohesion of ideas emerged, borne primarily of the realisation that taxonomy has passed from the hands of the solitary morphologist. The future of taxonomy lay in collaborative and multidisciplinary studies embracing morphology, physiology and newer methodologies. Penicillium and Aspergillus Workshop was borne logically The Second International from the first, and was held in Baarn on May 8-12, 1989. It was attended by 38 scientists from 16 countries. At this Workshop we have attempted to move further into new methods, especially by bringing together molecular biologists, medical and food mycologists and biochemists as well as more traditional taxonomists. We feel that the meeting contributed greatly to dialogue between taxonomists, and also fundamental and applied mycologists. At the meeting, we became aware that the approach to taxonomy of these genera is now becoming more pragmatic, with an increasing emphasis on consensus, and on stability of names. This is a noteworthy development, which we, as editors, welcome. So many species in Penicillium and Aspergillus are economically important in biotechnology, foods and medicine, and practical, stable taxonomy is of vital importance. These Proceedings comprise 40 papers divided into 9 chapters.
Biodiversity of Fungi is essential for anyone collecting and/or monitoring any fungi. Fascinating and beautiful, fungi are vital components of nearly all ecosystems and impact human health and our economy in a myriad of ways. Standardized methods for documenting diversity and distribution have been lacking. A wealth of information, especially regrading sampling protocols, compiled by an international team of fungal biologists, make Biodiversity of Fungi an incredible and fundamental resource for the study of organismal biodiversity. Chapters cover everything from what is a fungus, to maintaining and organizing a permanent study collection with associated databases; from protocols for sampling slime molds to insect associated fungi; from fungi growing on and in animals and plants to mushrooms and truffles. The chapters are arranged both ecologically and by sampling method rather than by taxonomic group for ease of use. The information presented here is intended for everyone interested in fungi, anyone who needs tools to study them in nature including naturalists, land managers, ecologists, mycologists, and even citizen scientists and sophiscated amateurs. - Covers all groups of fungi - from molds to mushrooms, even slime molds - Describes sampling protocols for many groups of fungi - Arranged by sampling method and ecology to coincide with users needs - Beautifully illustrated to document the range of fungi treated and techniques discussed - Natural history data are provided for each group of fungi to enable users to modify suggested protocols to meet their needs
This book is written remembering of medical technologist working in pathology lab with least knowledge of fungi compare to other branches of medical sciences. This book, although, equally good for clinicians and veterinary doctors to know about the fungi of clinical importance and hence, could go for an appropriate treatment. Morphological description with photograph is given for 114 species of fungi to identify the clinical fungi easily and accurately. These fungal belong to following Genera of fungi: Absidia, Acremonium, Acrophialophora, Actinomyces, Actinomadura, Actinomucor Alternaria, Aphanoascus, Arthroderma, Aspergillus, Aureobasidium, Basidiobolus, Beauveria, Bipolaris, Blastomyces, Botrytis, Chaetomium, Chrysosporium, Cladophialophora, Clavispora, Coccidioides, Colletotrichum, Conidiobolous (Entomophthora), Cryptococcus, Cunninghamella, Curvularia, Cyberlindnera, Debaromyces, Diutina, Epidermophyton. Emmonsia, Exophiala, Exserohilum, Fonsecaea, Fusarium, Geotrichum, Histoplasma, Kluveromyces, Laphophyton, Lasiodiplodia, Madurella, Malassezia, Microsphaeropsis, Microsporum, Mortierella, Mucor, Ochroconis, Nocardia, Paecilomyces, Paraphyton, Penicillium, Phoma, Prototheca, Pseudallescheria, Pythium, Rhinocladiella, Rhinosporidium, Rhizomucor, Rhizopus, Rhodotorula, Saccharomyces, Scedosporium, Schyzophyllum, Scopulariopsis, Scytalidium, Sporothrix, Stachybotrys, Stemphylium, Streptomyces, Syncephalastrum, Trichoderma, Trichophyton, Trichosporon, Ulocladium, Veronaea, Verruconis, Verticillium and Wangiella Besides this, a medical mycology lab manual is also given for handling clinical fungi starting from collection to proper isolation and correct identification. Methodology of manual is illustrated to be easily followed by the technicians. A new technique for the isolation of fungi from clinical samples is described here that reduce the possibility of air borne lab contaminations. The lab contaminations are a big problem for determination of fungal pathogens, but this technique almost eliminate the possibility of lab contaminations.Scientific terms used for fungal descriptions are explained in Mycological Terminology section. Questions usually asked about the fungi are given in Frequently Asked Questions section. A sheet is provided to follow step-by-step identification of fungus in "Steps in fungal Identification (Sheet)". How to identify common Candida species by seeing color of Candida species on Chromagar and microscopic morphology is given for rapid identification in "Definitive Identification of Common Pathogenic Candida species on Chromagar and Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA)".