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The Vijayanagar Empire, which was headquartered in present-day Hampi, Karnataka, is acclaimed in pre-modern history as the most powerful kingdom to arrest the onslaught of Moghul invaders in the South for nearly two centuries. Its rulers were known for their valour in taking on the Sultans from the North. Further, the rulers of Vijayanagara were great patrons of Hindu culture and civilization and were known for their military and administrative acumen. They patronized fine arts, music, dance and temple architecture. Despite their glory, there are conflicting records of the empire’s history, right from the inception of the empire to its collapse. There are some apologists who even contest the fact that Sage Vidyaranya founded the empire to defend Hinduism and its values. Others, foreign tourists who visited the empire, were not wholly appreciative of the rulers and exaggerated their weaknesses if any. Influenced by their religious allegiances, these visitors were often biased and tended to base their narratives on hearsay. Modern historians too have descredited the empire so as to nullify the role of religious bigotry. They came up with theories that do not truly represent the true spirit and culture of this great empire. Which narrative is the most accurate and who has curated the history of the Vijayanagar Empire in the most succinct way? This book only tries to analyse various theories about the Empire and tries to give a perspective on such controversies.
A Forgotten Empire: Vijayanagar: Large Print By Robert Sewell we have fortunately more direct evidence, for the discovery of which we have to thank Mr. Ferguson. I have mentioned above that at the end of the MS. volume are copies of two letters concerning China. These were written subsequent to the year 1520 by Vasco Calvo and Christovao Vieyra. Mr. Ferguson has pointed out to me that, in the third DECADA (liv. IV, caps. 4, 5), after quoting some passages almost verbatim from this chronicle of Nuniz regarding Vijayanagar, Barros writes: "According to two letters which our people had two or three years afterwards from these two men, Vasco Calvo, brother of Diogo Calvo, and Christovao Vieyra, who were prisoners in Canton, etc...." He also mentions these letters in two subsequent passages, and quotes from them.
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Written About A.D. 1520 To 1522 And A.D. 1535 To 1537 Respectively.
The Empire of Vijayanagara was the last flicker of Hindu State and administration in India. The Empire played an important role in the history of medieval India, not only for its victorious army, progressive foreign relations and sound administration, but also for its patronage to art, culture, literature and religion. The present work is a history of the Vijayanagara Empire during the rule of its third dynasty, i.e. since 1530. The work is divided into three parts, dealing with (1) principal events in the history of Vijayanagara between 1529 and 1943, (2) System of administration under which the Empire of the Rayas was governed in the sixteenth century and (3) religious and social conditions. The work is based on authentic source materials, viz. inscriptions and literature. The inscriptions used for this research fall in to two classes, (1) those copied by the Epigraphy Department and (2) those that included in the Mackenzie Manuscripts. The texts of the Inscriptions, some of which are still unpublished, have been diligently scrutinized and interpreted. Among the contemporary literary creations, relevant portions of the prabandhas and kavyas have been compared with the inscriptions and Portuguese records. Works of the Muslim historians have also been occasionally consulted. The work presents a detailed study of the administrative system, fiscal policy, law enforcing machinery, social conditions, religious sects and movements during the period under study. The work is a valuable contribution to the history of South India.