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An original examination of legislative clashes over the singular issue of the glass house boys, who performed menial tasks, received low wages, and had little to say on their own behalf while toiling in glass bottle plants. Flannery reveals the many societal, economic, and political factors at work that allowed for the perpetuation of child labor in this industry and region.
At the close of the 19th century, more than 2 million American children under age 16--some as young as 4 or 5--were employed on farms, in mills, canneries, factories, mines and offices, or selling newspapers and fruits and vegetables on the streets. The crusaders of the Progressive Era believed child labor was an evil that maimed the children, exploited the poor and suppressed adult wages. The child should be in school till age 16, they demanded, in order to become a good citizen. The battle for and against child labor was fought in the press as well as state and federal legislatures. Several federal efforts to ban child labor were struck down by the Supreme Court and an attempt to amend the Constitution to ban child labor failed to gain enough support. It took the Great Depression and New Deal legislation to pass the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (and receive the support of the Supreme Court). This history of American child labor details the extent to which children worked in various industries, the debate over health and social effects, and the long battle with agricultural and industrial interests to curtail the practice.
Rooted in the crisis over slavery, disagreements about child labor broke down along sectional lines between the North and South. For decades after emancipation, the child labor issue shaped how Northerners and Southerners defined fundamental concepts of American life such as work, freedom, the market, and the state. Betsy Wood examines the evolution of ideas about child labor and the on-the-ground politics of the issue against the backdrop of broad developments related to slavery and emancipation, industrial capitalism, moral and social reform, and American politics and religion. Wood explains how the decades-long battle over child labor created enduring political and ideological divisions within capitalist society that divided the gatekeepers of modernity from the cultural warriors who opposed them. Tracing the ideological origins and the politics of the child labor battle over the course of eighty years, this book tells the story of how child labor debates bequeathed an enduring legacy of sectionalist conflict to modern American capitalist society.
Describes the conditions and treatment that drove workers, including many children, to various strikes, from the mill workers strikes in 1828 and 1836 and the coal strikes at the turn of the century to the work of Mother Jones on behalf of child workers.
The Autobiography of Mother Jones is a compelling account of the life and struggles of one of the most influential labor leaders in American history. Written in a straightforward, no-nonsense style, the book provides a firsthand look at the labor movement in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Mother Jones does not shy away from detailing the harsh realities faced by workers and the lengths to which she went to fight for their rights. Her powerful voice and unwavering determination shine through the pages, making this autobiography a valuable primary source for understanding the labor movement of the time. Mother Jones, born Mary Harris Jones, was a fearless advocate for labor rights and social justice. Her personal experiences as a teacher, mother, and advocate for the disenfranchised shaped her beliefs and actions. The Autobiography of Mother Jones reflects her passion for justice and equality, offering readers a glimpse into the life of a remarkable woman who dedicated her life to the fight for workers' rights. I highly recommend The Autobiography of Mother Jones to readers interested in labor history, social activism, and women's contributions to the labor movement. Mother Jones' powerful narrative and unwavering commitment to social justice make this book a must-read for anyone seeking to understand the struggles and triumphs of the American labor movement.