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From conception of a novel idea to the production and marketing of kilowatt-range fuel cells (PEM or proton exchange membrane) and related products achieved in the business venture is what this book is about. The urge to start a business came from the momentum generated through suffering of being laid off from a job and going through the changes from job to job for a few years. Finding an innovative idea for the business, establishing the business, getting funding for the development of the business, making and selling products—these are all steps of entrepreneurship. Some people may be a natural entrepreneur, others may learn from the family tradition, and still others may get it from the inner urgings. Establishing a business in the high-technology area, in particular, starting it from scratch requires proper education, training, strong motivation, and personal drive. It requires a tremendous push from various sources to start a business. Another important motivation for having my own business was to give my family a stable environment for living. I suffered a lot during the period I was looking for a job and was moving from one place to another. I moved from Toronto (Canada) to Texas (USA), Texas to Connecticut, and from there to Arizona, then to California, and back to Texas. Such moving around (and the instability it creates) is not favorable for the dependents and, in particular, to children in their formative ages. If they do not have to move, they would be more secure and stable. It took about fifteen years after my PhD education when I was able to start my own business. Coming from a third-world country was another disadvantage for me—for many things I did or could not do.
This book is written primarily for people who are creating the future high-tech world by designing, building, and marketing innovative products. More specifically, it is for all engineers, engineering managers, entrepreneurs and intapreneurs. The book provides insight into the problems entrepreneurs face and gives a model for successful startup companies in a formal checklist.
After working for fifteen years at a number of places in the US, following my PhD education, I cofounded my own business in a high-tech area starting from the scratch. The business, BCS Fuel Cells Inc., was in the innovative area of making a clean energy power generator. This was a simplified procedure of making PEM (proton exchange membrane) fuel cells. I attracted the attention of scientific professionals in the fuel cell area around the world. We sold fuel cell products, made presentations, published papers, and got patents. I received praise and admirations of many in my field of expertise and from customers using our products. This was the spotlight I received as innovator, entrepreneur, and scientist. My business continued for twenty-two years. The business had to be stopped because of my health problems. Bad health was responsible for not allowing me to continue my corporation for a longer time.
If you want your startup to succeed, you need to understand why startups fail. “Whether you’re a first-time founder or looking to bring innovation into a corporate environment, Why Startups Fail is essential reading.”—Eric Ries, founder and CEO, LTSE, and New York Times bestselling author of The Lean Startup and The Startup Way Why do startups fail? That question caught Harvard Business School professor Tom Eisenmann by surprise when he realized he couldn’t answer it. So he launched a multiyear research project to find out. In Why Startups Fail, Eisenmann reveals his findings: six distinct patterns that account for the vast majority of startup failures. • Bad Bedfellows. Startup success is thought to rest largely on the founder’s talents and instincts. But the wrong team, investors, or partners can sink a venture just as quickly. • False Starts. In following the oft-cited advice to “fail fast” and to “launch before you’re ready,” founders risk wasting time and capital on the wrong solutions. • False Promises. Success with early adopters can be misleading and give founders unwarranted confidence to expand. • Speed Traps. Despite the pressure to “get big fast,” hypergrowth can spell disaster for even the most promising ventures. • Help Wanted. Rapidly scaling startups need lots of capital and talent, but they can make mistakes that leave them suddenly in short supply of both. • Cascading Miracles. Silicon Valley exhorts entrepreneurs to dream big. But the bigger the vision, the more things that can go wrong. Drawing on fascinating stories of ventures that failed to fulfill their early promise—from a home-furnishings retailer to a concierge dog-walking service, from a dating app to the inventor of a sophisticated social robot, from a fashion brand to a startup deploying a vast network of charging stations for electric vehicles—Eisenmann offers frameworks for detecting when a venture is vulnerable to these patterns, along with a wealth of strategies and tactics for avoiding them. A must-read for founders at any stage of their entrepreneurial journey, Why Startups Fail is not merely a guide to preventing failure but also a roadmap charting the path to startup success.
The Chinese economy has grown faster for a longer period than any other economy in the world. It is now the second, and will soon become the largest, global economy. This is an astonishing transformation of a country that in the late 1970s was one of the poorest in Asia. Central to this economic miracle has been the emergence of a private sector of entrepreneurs who have started and grown businesses of all sizes and types. This book explores these wealth creators and builders of China’s new economy, and offers guidance on the best ways to work with China’s entrepreneurs and their growing businesses. Entrepreneurship in China looks at the dynamic and changing nature of entrepreneurship, and the need for entrepreneurs to refine, adapt and evolve their approaches within an uncertain, fast-changing and volatile environment. This book examines the distinctive and particular context of China for entrepreneurs, and offers insights into how entrepreneurship has emerged as the driver of China’s economy. This book will benefit business people, policy makers and researchers seeking to understand Chinese entrepreneurship and offers guidance to practitioners interested in working with private Chinese businesses.
This book reviews the entrepreneurial, firm-specific and external environment-specific aspects that influence the key lifecycle stages of high-tech start-ups and identifies the key factors that influence each milestone.
Provides an overview of the various facets of venture capital and their related issues. This book surveys venture capital as a research field and explores the various conceptual, theoretical, methodological and geographic aspects. It focuses on the specific environs of venture capital.
Drawing on the most up-to-date and relevant research, this concise textbook is an accessible guide to harnessing the appropriate resources when launching a new start-up business. The focus is on the wide range of tangible and intangible resources available to entrepreneurs in the early stages of a new venture. This second edition brings in material on crowdfunding, digitalization and Covid-19, and dedicates new chapters to: lean start-ups and business models idea generation and opportunity development and business incubators and accelerators. The book supports students with learning objectives, a summary, discussion questions and a practical call to action in each chapter. A teaching guide and slides are also available for instructors. Resourcing the Start-up Business will be a valuable textbook for students of entrepreneurship and new venture creation globally.
ÔThis exciting second volume of cutting-edge research on venture capital takes up where volume one leaves off, bringing greater depth to topics covered in the first volume (such as angel investing) and adding new topics and insights. It poses interesting questions such as Ð Is venture capital in crisis? Are new models of early investing needed? Ð and offers carefully researched answers. Landstršm and Mason provide insightful commentary and skillfully pinpoint the contributions of a talented set of researchers. Both scholars and practitioners of venture capital will want to read this book.Õ Ð Harry J. Sapienza, University of Minnesota, US ÔThe second edition of the Handbook of Research on Venture Capital provides an important guidepost for venture capital researchers. As Landstršm and Mason point out, the nature of venture capital has changed dramatically over the last ten years. The asset class as a whole has failed to return principal and the old model is under tremendous strain. The contributors nicely highlight many of these changes, especially how venture capital has scaled beyond the US. For those of us active in venture capital research, the chapters raise many interesting research questions that deserve further attention.Õ Ð Andrew Zacharakis, Babson College, US This Handbook charts the development of venture capital research in light of the global financial crisis, starting with an analysis of the current venture capital market and the changing nature of the business angel market. Looking at governance structures, the performance of venture capitalists in terms of investments, economic impact and human capital, and the geographical organization of business angels and venture capital global ÔhotspotsÕ, this book also analyses the current state of venture capital research and offers a roadmap for the future.
Without a clear and organized view of where and how entrepreneurship manifests itself, policy makers have been left in uncharted waters without an analytical compass. The purpose of this book is to provide such an analytical compass for directing how public policy can shape and promote entrepreneurship. We do this in two ways. The first is to provide a framework for policymakers and scholars to understand what determines entrepreneurship. The second is to apply this framework to a series of cases, or country studies. In particular, this book seeks to answer three questions about entrepreneurship: What has happened over time? Why did it happen? And, what has been the role of government policy? The cornerstone of the book is the proposed Eclectic Theory of Entrepreneurship. The goal of the Eclectic Theory is to provide a unified framework for understanding and analyzing the determinants of entrepreneurship. The Eclectic Theory of entrepreneurship integrates the different strands from relevant fields into a unifying, coherent framework. At the heart of the Eclectic Theory is the integration of factors shaping the demand for entrepreneurship on the one hand, with those influencing the supply of entrepreneurs on the other hand. The key to understanding the role of public policy is through identifying those channels shifting either the demand for or the supply of entrepreneurship by policy instruments. The findings in this book show that, by utilizing the framework provided by the Eclectic Theory of Entrepreneurship, it is within the grasp of policymakers to identify the determinants of entrepreneurship in a particular country setting at a particular point in time. This will be essential in formulating new public policies to promote entrepreneurship and, ultimately, economic growth, job creation and international competitiveness.