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The Financial Crisis Inquiry Report, published by the U.S. Government and the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission in early 2011, is the official government report on the United States financial collapse and the review of major financial institutions that bankrupted and failed, or would have without help from the government. The commission and the report were implemented after Congress passed an act in 2009 to review and prevent fraudulent activity. The report details, among other things, the periods before, during, and after the crisis, what led up to it, and analyses of subprime mortgage lending, credit expansion and banking policies, the collapse of companies like Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, and the federal bailouts of Lehman and AIG. It also discusses the aftermath of the fallout and our current state. This report should be of interest to anyone concerned about the financial situation in the U.S. and around the world.THE FINANCIAL CRISIS INQUIRY COMMISSION is an independent, bi-partisan, government-appointed panel of 10 people that was created to "examine the causes, domestic and global, of the current financial and economic crisis in the United States." It was established as part of the Fraud Enforcement and Recovery Act of 2009. The commission consisted of private citizens with expertise in economics and finance, banking, housing, market regulation, and consumer protection. They examined and reported on "the collapse of major financial institutions that failed or would have failed if not for exceptional assistance from the government."News Dissector DANNY SCHECHTER is a journalist, blogger and filmmaker. He has been reporting on economic crises since the 1980's when he was with ABC News. His film In Debt We Trust warned of the economic meltdown in 2006. He has since written three books on the subject including Plunder: Investigating Our Economic Calamity (Cosimo Books, 2008), and The Crime Of Our Time: Why Wall Street Is Not Too Big to Jail (Disinfo Books, 2011), a companion to his latest film Plunder The Crime Of Our Time. He can be reached online at www.newsdissector.com.
This book presents the results of a study of FDIC-supervised institutions with significant acquisition, development, and construction (ADC) loan concentrations that did not fail during the recent economic downturn. ADC loans are considered the riskiest type of commercial real estate (CRE) lending. During the recent financial crisis, FDIC analysis shows that failed institutions had concentrations of ADC loans to total assets that were roughly three times the average of concentrations of non-failed institutions. This book studies the characteristics and supervisory approaches for FDIC-supervised institutions that had significant ADC loan concentrations and were not considered to be problem banks as of April 2011, with a focus on the identifying factors that may have helped banks mitigate the risks historically associated with ADC concentrations during periods of economic stress.
Banking experts review, simplify corporate lending process. James S. Sagner and Herbert Jacobs advise on corporate lending to help bankers, lenders and corporate finance managers avoid future credit problems in Handbook of Corporate Lending: A Guide for Bankers and Financial Managers. The authors argue for a fresh approach to improving bank lending to corporations. Historically, most banks spend their efforts in evaluating loan proposals from businesses before approving or denying credit. The authors argue persuasively and with examples that lending is a two-step process: the analysis of the company in the context of its industry and its competitors; and then a loan agreement that identifies the credit risks. The book demonstrates through the use of case studies how to limit those risks to the lenders and just as importantly, to the company. Sagner and Jacobs, former senior bankers and consultants and educators to the banking industry, systematically review the process of corporate credit decision-making. Too few banks are now providing adequate formal credit-training. This leaves bankers without the proper guidance to review credit requests and create precautions for corporate borrowers and lenders. Sagner and Jacobs show readers how such factors influence credit, funding, pricing decisions and proper structuring of loans. The book covers such topics as trends in commercial loan activity, the credit loan agreement, the banker's responsibilities, risk management measurement and the credit process. Eight cases in the book highlight a variety of credit issues. "The book is written from the perspective of the banker or other lender who makes these important decisions," said Sagner. "But business people, particularly global financial managers who must secure credit and maintain excellent relations with their lenders, need to understand this important information." Sagner and Jacobs help readers navigate the issues confronting financial and banking managers. The book aims to explain the financial processes lenders use to make decisions, and to analyze the strengths and weaknesses of credit measurements so that business and financial managers are better prepared to arrange credit facilities.
Filled with the insights of numerous experienced contributors, Structured Products and Related Credit Derivatives takes a detailed look at the various aspects of structured assets and credit derivatives. Written over a period spanning the greatest bull market in structured products history to arguably its most challenging period, this reliable resource will help you identify the opportunities and mitigate the risks in this complex financial market.
Why America's public-private mortgage giants threaten the world economy—and what to do about it The financial collapse of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac in 2008 led to one of the most sweeping government interventions in private financial markets in history. The bailout has already cost American taxpayers close to $150 billion, and substantially more will be needed. The U.S. economy--and by extension, the global financial system--has a lot riding on Fannie and Freddie. They cannot fail, yet that is precisely what these mortgage giants are guaranteed to do. How can we limit the damage to our economy, and avoid making the same mistakes in the future? Guaranteed to Fail explains how poorly designed government guarantees for Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac led to the debacle of mortgage finance in the United States, weighs different reform proposals, and provides sensible, practical recommendations. Despite repeated calls for tougher action, Washington has expanded the scope of its guarantees to Fannie and Freddie, fueling more and more housing and mortgages all across the economy--and putting all of us at risk. This book unravels the dizzyingly immense, highly interconnected businesses of Fannie and Freddie. It proposes a unique model of reform that emphasizes public-private partnership, one that can serve as a blueprint for better organizing and managing government-sponsored enterprises like Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. In doing so, Guaranteed to Fail strikes a cautionary note about excessive government intervention in markets.
This book examines the Small Business Lending Fund, with a focus on the supply and demand for small business loans. Congressional interest in small businesses reflects, in part, concerns about economic growth and unemployment. Small businesses, defined as having fewer than 500 employees, have played an important role in net employment growth during previous economic recoveries. However, recent data show that net employment growth at small businesses is not increasing at the same rate as in previous economic recoveries. Some have argued that current economic conditions make it imperative that the federal government provide additional resources to assist small businesses in acquiring capital necessary to start, continue, or expand operations and create jobs. Others worry about the long-term adverse economic effects of spending programs that increase the federal deficit.