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A geographic footprint of boaters entering & departing Lake Powell: Aquatic nuisance species management: Potential distribution of the invasive zebra/quagga mussel into south western United States.
Invasive species are a threat to global aquatic ecosystems. Nonetheless, their impacts can be heterogeneous across systems. Recent reports suggest Saskatchewan (SK) prairie lakes are highly prone to zebra and quagga mussels (ZQM) given their proximity to invasive corridors of Manitoba and three US states (Montana, North Dakota, and Minnesota) where they have been reported. As the effect of ZQM on native species is variable and context-dependent across locations and time, an understanding of prevailing biological, physical and chemical conditions supporting various cohorts of fish communities is necessary for prioritizing mitigation efforts to address the potential effects of these dreissenids in uninvaded systems. To gain these important insights, I investigated diet composition and body conditions of three ecologically and recreationally important gamefishes; walleye (Sander vitreus), northern pike (Esox lucius), and yellow perch (Perca flavescens) sampled from 18 SK prairie lakes. In addition, I assessed the impact of fish size and environmental variables on gamefish body conditions. Twenty-three prey taxa were found in the diets of these fishes. While both invertebrates (amphipods) and fish formed significant constituents of walleye diets, pike concentrated more on fish prey, whereas perch relied more on invertebrates (chironomids and amphipods). Zooplankton was only a minor contributor to the diets of all three gamefish species. Body conditions of walleye and pike decreased with size, but yellow perch populations were in consistently good condition across all size groups. These results suggest preferred fish prey of larger piscivores (i.e., pike and walleye) may be present in insufficient quantity. Lake productivity and alkalinity influenced body conditions of large-sized walleye and yellow perch. The scarcity of pelagic zooplankton prey in the diets of small-sized gamefishes implies these populations may be less threatened by future ZQM invasion than previously assumed. Next, I contrasted stomach content data and Carbon (C), Nitrogen (N), with Sulfur (S) stable isotope analyses to better quantify the relative importance of various foraging habitats to the three gamefish species. Bayesian Mixing models predicted that in about 70% of our study lakes > 55% of gamefish diets were sourced from the littoral region, whereas in ~30% of surveyed lakes, > 55% of gamefishes diets was sourced from the pelagic habitat. General evidence of similar reliance on sediment S sources in lakes where two species co-occurred (walleye and pike or walleye and perch) was observed. Overall, the three predominant gamefishes exhibited comparable dependence on the three feeding habitats (littoral, pelagic, sediment) across SK prairie lakes. Findings of stomach content analysis (SCA) and stable isotope analysis (SIA) were assessed to determine how the two techniques corroborate, contradict or complement each other. Results indicated a lack of correspondence between the two methods utilized in examining walleye diets, suggesting the need to use both techniques as complements for more robust results. Finally, because future invasion by ZQM is expected to significantly impact energy sources of gamefishes, I examined the current environmental controls of reliance on pelagic, littoral, and sediment-based diets. Walleye reliance on pelagic energy sources increased with the maximum depth of lakes and decreased with total dissolved solids (TDS) concentrations, implying the contribution of pelagic diets increase for fish populations in deeper and less saline lakes. However, sediment-based diets were not influenced by any of the selected environmental parameters. Integrating SCA and SIA overall helped to advance our understanding of feeding habits of gamefish populations in SK prairie lakes and demonstrates the value of combining these analyses for a comprehensive understanding of feeding interactions within aquatic ecosystems.
This open access book describes the serious threat of invasive species to native ecosystems. Invasive species have caused and will continue to cause enormous ecological and economic damage with ever increasing world trade. This multi-disciplinary book, written by over 100 national experts, presents the latest research on a wide range of natural science and social science fields that explore the ecology, impacts, and practical tools for management of invasive species. It covers species of all taxonomic groups from insects and pathogens, to plants, vertebrates, and aquatic organisms that impact a diversity of habitats in forests, rangelands and grasslands of the United States. It is well-illustrated, provides summaries of the most important invasive species and issues impacting all regions of the country, and includes a comprehensive primary reference list for each topic. This scientific synthesis provides the cultural, economic, scientific and social context for addressing environmental challenges posed by invasive species and will be a valuable resource for scholars, policy makers, natural resource managers and practitioners.
This book is the first attempt to provide an overall picture of aquatic species invasions in Europe. Its geographical scope stretches from Irish waters in the west to the Volga River and the Caspian Sea in the east, and from the Mediterranean Sea in the south up to the Arctic coast of Europe. Not all parts of the continent could be covered equally, as in some countries species invasions are not yet studied. The book represents the array of all major European aquatic systems in the broadest geographical and ecological scope possible, from fully saline seas, semi-enclosed brackish water bodies and coastal lagoons to freshwater lakes, major river systems and waterways. The key objectives include the present status and impacts on economy and environment caused by non-native aquatic species in European waters. Altogether more than 100 scientists from 24 countries have joined together to synthesize the available information on bio-invasions.
The introduction and rapid spread of two Eurasian mussel species, Dreissena polymorpha (zebra mussel) and Dreissena rostriformis bugensis (quagga mussel), in waters of North America has caused great concern among industrial and recreational water users. These invasive species can create substantial problems for raw water users such as water treatment facilities and power plants, and they can have other negative impacts by altering aquatic environments. In the 20 years since the first edition of this book was published, zebra mussels have continued to spread, and quagga mussels have become the greater threat in the Great Lakes, in deep regions of large lakes, and in the southwestern Unites States. Quagga mussels have also expanded greatly in eastern and western Europe since the first book edition was published. Quagga and Zebra Mussels: Biology, Impacts, and Control, Second Edition provides a broad view of the zebra/quagga mussel issue, offering a historic perspective and up-to-date information on mussel research. Comprising 48 chapters, this second edition includes reviews of mussel morphology, physiology, and behavior. It details mussel distribution and spread in Europe and across North America, and examines policy and regulatory responses, management strategies, and mitigation efforts. In addition, this book provides extensive coverage of the impact of invasive mussel species on freshwater ecosystems, including effects on water clarity, phytoplankton, water quality, food web changes, and consequences to other aquatic fauna. It also reviews and offers new insights on how zebra and quagga mussels respond and adapt to varying environmental conditions. This new edition includes seven video clips that complement chapter text and, through visual documentation, provide a greater understanding of mussel behavior and distribution.
Biology and Management of Invasive Quagga and Zebra Mussels in the Western United States is a synthesis of the biology and management of invasive mussels from scientists and managers working on invasive quagga and zebra mussels in the western United States. Invasive dreissenid mussels have spread throughout southwestern United States at unprecedent
"This is the second issue in the Global Re-introduction Perspectives series and has been produced in the same standardized format as the previous one. The case-studies are arranged in the following order: Introduction, Goals, Success Indicators, Project Summary, Major Difficulties Faced, Major Lessons Learned, Success of Project with reasons for success or failure. For this second issue we received a total of 72 case-studies compared to 62 in the last issue. These case studies cover the following taxa as follows: invertebrates (9), fish (6), amphibians (5), reptiles (7), birds (13), mammals (20) and plants (12) ... We hope the information presented in this book will provide a broad global perspective on challenges facing re-introduction projects trying to restore biodiversity."--Pritpal S. Soorae.
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