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Non-governmental organisations have become the new hope of development cooperation. Criticism of official and multi-lateral development assistance in mounting. After more than for decades of international cooperation, there is more poverty in the Third World (with the exception of a few countries) than ever before. It has become clear that existing instruments cannot bring about change. Even the large donor organisations doubt their own ability to solve problems and find their doubts confirmed by internal evaluations. What led to this state of affairs, and is there reason to hope that the NGOs can do a better job?
This book examines general Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) roles and comparative advantages in the broad fight to end global poverty, as well as roles and opportunities specific to particular Millennium Development Goals sectors.
There has been considerable interest in recent years in the abil ty of non-governmental organizations to work with the rural poor in developing countries in order to improve their quality of life and economic status through the provision of credit, skills training, and other inputs for income-generation programmes. This book brings together the results of sixteen evaluations in four countries (Bangladesh, India, Uganda and Zimbabwe) to provide a detailed assessment of the contribution that NGOs make to rural poverty alleviation. The results indicate that NGO projects are successful when they build in a high degree of participation, when the staff are committed to the goals of the project, and when they are managed by strong and competent leaders. Many of the projects studied contributed to increases in income and welfare. Programmes designed to provide economic benefits also proved effective in improving the social status of the poor. However, not all projects were successful, contrary to received wisdom about the efficacy of NGO interventions. Many failed to reach the very poorest, most were costly to implement, and few of the projects demonstrated an ability to continue once external funding was withdrawn. These findings provide strong support for viewing NGOs as a mechanism for helping to reduce rural poverty, but also demonstrate that many of the interventions are isolated or one-off. The impact of NGOs could be heightened by increasing the size of the intervention, encouraging greater cooperation among NGOs, and by fostering closer co-operation with governments.
The Sustainable Livelihoods Framework (SLF) has slowly emerged over the last twenty years as a response to a call for more sustainable development and effective steps toward poverty alleviation. SLF emphasizes the importance of a sustainable livelihood, using the resources to which one has access, and recognizing the vulnerabilities, policy, and other forces that may affect livelihood security, while striving to achieve the outcomes local people seek. This framework has been applied amply to poverty reduction efforts in Africa and Asia, but very llittle of it has been seen in Latin America. NGOs play a crucial role in implementing and utilizing the framework in order to achieve the Millennium Development Goals in poverty reduction as laid out by the UN. This thesis analyzes rural development NGOs' goals, principles and methodologies in Peru, comparing them to SLF for similarities and differences in current approaches. Using a three phase process of individual interviews, a presentation on SLF, and follow-up group interviews for each of 12 NGOs, data was collected on current practices and NGO opinion of the possibilities of utility of the framework in their work of poverty reduction in Peru, as well as their perception on donor agency influence on their projects and methodologies. The study found that NGOs in Peru are using many elements of SLF, including the goals, principles, and capitals component. These elements are present in the NGOs, but are not being applied as holistically as the framework suggests. Methodologies differ in that SLF focuses on analysis, while the NGOs tend to focus on technology transfer. Donors do have influence on methods and projects, and it would be beneficial for donors to contribute to NGO learning of SLF. Overall, NGOs expressed interest in learning more about SLF for possible implementation, and stated it would be useful for their work in poverty reduction.
This scoping study has two principle objectives. It provides a summary of current poverty reduction strategies of US and UK-based international non-governmental organizations (INGOs) with a special emphasis on the underlying frameworks that form the basis of their development interventions. Secondly, the study identifyes the applicability of an asset accumulation framework to prevailing programmatic and advocacy strategies for poverty reduction employed by INGOs. After an initial desk review of background materials, a sample group of 21 INGOs was finalized based on seven selection criteria. These relate both to the substantive focus of each organization as well as to institutional factors, and were developed in order to achieve the greatest diversity possible in the sample. The criteria were: mission focus; stated or known analytical approaches to poverty - termed poverty frameworks in this paper; relationship to the field; length of time in operation; size of revenues; primary funding sources; and organizational structure. A questionnaire was developed for use in the final research phase in which 34 staff from 7 UK-based and 14 U.S.-based INGOs were interviewed. The study assesses five possible determinants of INGO poverty approaches. The first determinant is history - both organizational and the broader historical forces at work in the world. Interviews suggest that history is perhaps a stronger factor in shaping an organization's poverty strategy than mission, which appears to have only a partial connection with strategy. Current development theory seems to have a tenuous and weak impact on the strategic framework. This intellectual determinant expresses itself more effectively indirectly through funders' interests, which had a definite impact on poverty reduction strategy. Not surprisingly, the research found that funding sources were influential, particularly the US government and foundations. Organizational structure, the last determinant investigated, seems to have an unclear and complicated relationship to INGO poverty frameworks and strategies.
This scoping study has two principle objectives. It provides a summary of current poverty reduction strategies of US and UK-based international non-governmental organizations (INGOs) with a special emphasis on the underlying frameworks that form the basis of their development interventions. Secondly, the study identifies the applicability of an asset accumulation framework to prevailing programmatic and advocacy strategies for poverty reduction employed by INGOs. After an initial desk review of background materials, a sample group of 21 INGOs was finalized based on seven selection criteria. These relate both to the substantive focus of each organization as well as to institutional factors, and were developed in order to achieve the greatest diversity possible in the sample. The criteria were: mission focus; stated or known analytical approaches to poverty -- termed poverty frameworks in this paper; relationship to the field; length of time in operation; size of revenues; primary funding sources; and organizational structure. A questionnaire was developed for use in the final research phase in which 34 staff from 7 UK-based and 14 US-based INGOs were interviewed.
This publication offers a framework for the empowerment of people living in poverty throughout the world that concentrates on increasing people's freedom of choice and action to shape their own lives. Based on analysis of practical experiences, the book identifies four key elements to support empowerment: information, inclusion and participation, improved accountability and local organisational capacity. This framework is then applied to five areas of action to improve development effectiveness: provision of basic services, improved local governance, improved national governance, pro-poor market development, and access to justice and legal aid. It also offers twenty 'tools and practices' which concentrate on a wide-range of topics to support the empowerment of the poor.
Bangladesh country papers and report of the CIRDAP-ESCAP National Workshop on Government-NGO Cooperation for Poverty Alleviation: Capability Building to Alleviate Rural Poverty under Economic Adjustments, held at Dhaka, Bangladesh, 16 Sept. 1997.
Contents: NGOs: Searching for Solid Ground, No Miracle Weapon for Development the Challenges Facing NGOs in the 21st Century, NGO s Better than the State, Stop Child Labour, Child Labour in Weaving Industry, Child Labour Targeting the Intolerable, Trade and Labour Standards, Rural Poverty in India, Employment and Poverty Alleviation, Towards a New Policy on Poverty Reduction, Children s Health and the Environment, Who is Responsible for Corruption in Aid?, Peace and Poverty, Welcome, Baby Six Billion, Population Growth and Jobs, The Population Challenge, The Future of Work, Violence in Schools, Can Economic Growth Reduce Poverty?, The Dynamics of Rural Poverty in India, The Persistence of Indian Poverty and Its Alleviation, Overcoming the Poverty in India and the Lessons Learned, Rural Poverty in India and Development as a Policy Challenge, Employment and Promoting Ecology, The Indian Economy and the Cattle Wealth.