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This book reevaluates the health risks of ionizing radiation in light of data that have become available since the 1980 report on this subject was published. The data include new, much more reliable dose estimates for the A-bomb survivors, the results of an additional 14 years of follow-up of the survivors for cancer mortality, recent results of follow-up studies of persons irradiated for medical purposes, and results of relevant experiments with laboratory animals and cultured cells. It analyzes the data in terms of risk estimates for specific organs in relation to dose and time after exposure, and compares radiation effects between Japanese and Western populations.
Exposure of mice to a non-lethal course of X-ray treatment results in a reduction in tolerance of mice to further X-ray treatment. The reduction in tolerance to X-ray amounts to a decrease of the acute LD50 by an average of 9.6 percent of the total amount of the non-lethal radiation previously given. The time of death after the LD50 test and the slope of the dose-response curve are not changed by the non-lethal radiation previously given, and it is inferred from this that the mechanism of acute death and the distribution of radiation sensitivity are not changed. The injury found does not account for the observed mortality of animals from chronically imposed radiation.