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It is an unfortunate truth that our oceans offer valuable resources that are too often used unsustainably. Time and again this is due to the failure of international law to provide a framework for adequate governance. Economics of the Oceans examines this issue and provides a comprehensive study of ocean uses from the perspectives of law and economics. Themes covered in the book include ocean governance, the economics of oceanic resource exploitation, offshore oil, coral reefs, shipwrecks and maritime piracy. Analytical techniques such as basic game theory, environmental economics of the commons and cost-benefit analysis are employed to illuminate the topics. This book will be of interest to students of environmental economics, natural resource economics and management, and the economics of international law as relating to the oceans.
Now in its 13th year, the NILOS Documentary Yearbook provides the reader with an excellent collection of documents related to ocean affairs and the law of the sea, issued each year by organizations, organs and bodies of the United Nations system. Documents of the UN General Assembly, Meeting of State Parties to the 1982 UN Law of the Sea Convention, ISBA, ITLOS, Follow-Up to the UN Straddling Fish Stocks and Small Island States Conferences, Panama Canal, ECOSOC, UNEP and UNCTAD are included first, followed by the documents of FAO, IAEA, IMO, UNESCO/IOC. As in the previous volumes, documents which were issued in the course of 1997 are reproduced, while other relevant documents are listed. The NILOS Documentary Yearbook has proved to be of invaluable assistance in facilitating access by the community of scholars and practitioners in ocean affairs and the law of the sea to essential documentation. The entry of the 1992 UN Law of the Sea Convention into force on 16th November 1994 and of the Part XI Agreement - on 28 July 1996, and progress in the implementation of Chapter 17 of Agenda 21, make continuation of this assistance of particular significance in the years to come. The members of the Yearbook's Advisory Board are: Judges Abdul Koroma and Shigeru Oda of the ICJ, Judges Thomas Mensah, Dolliver Nelson and Tullio Treves of the ITLOS, as well as Rosalie Balkin, Edward Brown, Lee Kimball, Bernard Oxman and Shabtai Rosenne.
Read also Alexander Lott's blog on the recent Award of the Annex VII Arbitral Tribunal in the dispute concerning the Kerch Strait incident. Hybrid Threats and the Law of the Sea debates the practice of states that have resorted to discriminatory navigational restrictions or aggression against foreign ships and aircraft in densely navigated straits. The book explores both widely acknowledged and lesser-known maritime incidents that meet the characteristics of hybrid warfare or hybrid conflict. This research approaches hybrid threats from the perspective of the interrelationship between navigational restrictions, law enforcement, armed attack, and the legal regime of straits. It provides guidance for determining whether the rules of armed conflict or law enforcement are applicable to various naval incidents.
Originally published in Russian, this book is the first major Russian treatise on the international law of the sea in the post-Soviet era. The book covers the legal status and legal regime of the sea expanses and follows their classification in the 1982 United Nations Convention. In addition, a separate section is devoted to the legal status of the Caspian Sea. The author analyzes in-depth the international legal norms regulating the preservation of the marine environment and concludes that a system of international cooperation is essential both in the sphere of navigation and economic exploitation of oceanic resources. Extensive attention is given to Russian practice. As Russia plays a central and influential role in world maritime policy, a book that specifically deals with Russian approaches in this field cannot fail to be of importance to anyone interested in the law of the sea.
This volume presents an analysis of the maritime boundary delimitations of the Russian Federation. The focus of this analysis is the relationship between state practice and the rules of public international law applicable to the delimitation of maritime zones between neighboring states. A first part establishes the contents of the law in this field. The main part of the work concerns an analysis of the position of the Russian Federation on the rules of maritime delimitation law and the practice of this state in relation to the delimitation of specific maritime boundaries with neighboring states. The case study of the Russian Federation illustrates the significance of international law for the delimitation of maritime boundaries, while at the same time indicating the limits of the influence of the law on state behavior.
There has been a recent increase in clashes between warships asserting rights to navigate and states asserting sovereignty over coastal waters. This book argues for a set of rules which respect the rights of coastal states to protect their sovereignty and of warships to navigate lawfully, whilst also outlining the limits of each. The book addresses the issue of the clash between warships and states by considering the general principles applying to use of force in the law of the sea and the law of national self-defence. It focuses on the right of coastal states to use force to prevent passage of warships which threaten their sovereignty, with particular reference to the specific maritime zones, as well as by warships to ensure passage or to defend themselves. The book also assesses the extent to which the law of armed conflict may be applicable to these issues. The conclusion draws together a set of rules which take account of both contemporary and historical events and seeks to balance the competing interests at stake. Providing a concise overview of the enduring issue of freedom of navigation, this book will appeal to anyone studying international law, the law of the sea, security studies and international relations. It will also be of interest to naval, coast guard and military officers as well as government legal advisors.
The 1994 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea represents an integral package of three legal instruments to provide the legal framework for the uses of ocean space from 16 November 1994 onwards: the 1982 Resolution on Governing Preparatory Investment in Pioneer, Activities Relating to Polymetallic Nodules and the 1994 Agreement, Relating to the Implementation of Part XI of the 1982 Convention. The 1994 Convention has a chance to become universally accepted in the foreseeable future and will make an important contribution to the maintenance of peace, justice and progress for all mankind.