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The United States Social Security Administration (SSA) administers two disability programs: Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI), for disabled individuals, and their dependent family members, who have worked and contributed to the Social Security trust funds, and Supplemental Security Income (SSSI), which is a means-tested program based on income and financial assets for adults aged 65 years or older and disabled adults and children. Both programs require that claimants have a disability and meet specific medical criteria in order to qualify for benefits. SSA establishes the presence of a medically-determined impairment in individuals with mental disorders other than intellectual disability through the use of standard diagnostic criteria, which include symptoms and signs. These impairments are established largely on reports of signs and symptoms of impairment and functional limitation. Psychological Testing in the Service of Disability Determination considers the use of psychological tests in evaluating disability claims submitted to the SSA. This report critically reviews selected psychological tests, including symptom validity tests, that could contribute to SSA disability determinations. The report discusses the possible uses of such tests and their contribution to disability determinations. Psychological Testing in the Service of Disability Determination discusses testing norms, qualifications for administration of tests, administration of tests, and reporting results. The recommendations of this report will help SSA improve the consistency and accuracy of disability determination in certain cases.
Excerpt from A Critical Examination of Test-Scoring Methods A study was made by West13 of The Significance of Weighted Scores in the course of the construction of a test of ability to reproduce thought in passages read. The aim of this study was to determine the advantage, if any, of weight ing the separate items in a single test. West's results are from 45 high school students from grades 8 to 12. The per cent of pupils failing each item was translated into percent ile values. These values were then used as one set of scores and were correlated with the simple point scoring. The con elusion reached was that the chances were greatly in favor of the simple point scoring being as correct as the weighted score. It was thought that the type of test might have a bearing on the conclusion. The same comparision was then made with army alpha and an analogy test. The close agreement of the scores by the different methods led to the final conclusion that weighting will serve its best purpose in assisting in a scaled arrangement of material even though the items scored be not scored by different values. Thus, although there is general agreement among psycholo gists in favor of weighting, experimental evidence at hand seems to be in favor of raw scores being practically as valu able as weighted scores. In order to determine Whether this conclusion had been reached because of the particular method of weighting used and the particular comparisons made, and whether it would hold for any of several possible methods, it was thought worth while to make an exhaustive comparison of several different methods on the same tests with groups large enough for the results to be significant of actual differences. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
This book examines the following factors: sponsorship of research, control of the dissemination of research, effects of dominant research paradigms, financial interests of authors, publishers, and editors, role of new technologies (for example, Web 2.0).It is widely accepted among researchers and educators that the peer review process, the reputation of the publisher and examination of the author's credentials are the gold standards for assessing the quality of research and information. However, the traditional gold standards are not sufficient, and the effective evaluation of information requires the consideration of additional factors. Controversies about positive evaluations of new medications that appear in peer-reviewed journals, the financial reports on Enron prior to the revelations that led to its collapse, and obstacles to the publication of research that does not conform to dominant paradigms are just a few examples that indicate the need for a more sophisticated and nuanced approach to evaluating information.Each of the factors is discussed in a factual manner, supported by many examples that illustrate not only the nature of the issues but also their complexity. Practical suggestions for the evaluation of information are an integral part of the text. - Highlights frequently overlooked criteria for evaluating research - Challenges the assumption that the gold standards for evaluation are sufficient - Examines the role of new technologies in evaluating and disseminating research
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This encyclopedia is the first major reference guide for students new to the field, covering traditional areas while pointing the way to future developments.

Bulletin

University of Illinois (Urbana-Champaign campus). Bureau of Educational Research

Published: 1928

Total Pages: 736


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Vol. 49, no. 4, pt. 2 (July 1952) is the association's Publication manual.