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This volume, published in association with the United Nations Environment Programme, examines how co-ordinated action among neighbouring countries could reduce greenhouse gas emissions in ways which are environmentally, economically and socially beneficial. A framework is presented for analyzing regional mitigation options, along with specific proposals for southern Africa, such as pooling electricity supplies, changing transport patterns and promoting new forms of energy. It shows how regional projects and policies can be developed and supported by the global community to help reduce climate change, and provides a study for decision makers, researchers and students in the areas of global climate change, international relations, energy and environmental studies and African affairs.
In this research, I create a hybrid energy-economy model for developing countries in Africa, the Middle East and Latin America. The CIMS framework is used because it incorporates elements of technological detail, macroeconomic feedbacks and behavioural realism, the three requirements of a hybrid energy-economy model. Despite the income gap continuing to grow between the richest and poorest countries, energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions triple across the region over the first half of the 21st century. The model shows that carbon capture and storage is a significant mitigation action, particularly due to the large potential for enhanced oil recovery in depleted oil wells. A comparison of marginal abatement costs reveals somewhat similar abatement potential across regions. However, further global analysis should ensure that comparable assumptions about mitigation options are made across regional models. Data constraints are a major limitation for this analysis, and I outline several areas for further research.
This book provides a succinct overview of the evolution of policies addressing energy and climate justice in South Africa. Drawing on a range of analytical perspectives, including socio-technical studies, just transitions, and critical political economy, it explains why South Africa’s energy transition from a coal-dependent, centralised power generation and distribution system has been so slow, and reveals the types of socio-political inequalities that persist across regimes and energy sources. Topics explored include critical approaches to the South African state and its state-owned energy provider, Eskom; the political ecologies of coal and water; the politics of non-renewable energy alternatives; as well as the trajectory and fate of the Renewable Energy Independent Power Producers Procurement Programme (REIPPPP), the country’s major renewable energy policy. The book concludes with reflections on alternative, neglected energy and development paths, suggesting how the political economy of South Africa’s energy system could be further transformed for the better.
Energy and climate change are issues of critical importance for shaping a sustainable future, both in South Africa and globally. For South Africa, finding a policy approach which balances the increasing demand for energy with the need for sustainability, equity and climate change mitigation is a particular challenge. This book provides an innovative and strategic approach to climate policy, with local development objectives as its starting point. Through energy modelling, indicators of sustainable development and policy analysis, Harald Winkler builds a rich and detailed case study illustrating how a development-focused approach to energy and climate policy might work in South Africa. Moreover, with recent record-setting global crude oil prices, this book points out that making energy supply and use more sustainable is a central challenge in South Africa's future development path. An energy researcher, IPCC author (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) and a member of the South African delegation to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, Winkler offers a nuanced examination of where the synergies and trade-offs lie, and makes clear the imperative of considering long-term implications when meeting short-term needs.
An assessment of policy options for future global climate governance, written by a team of leading experts from the European Union and developing countries. Global climate governance is at a crossroads. The 1997 Kyoto Protocol was merely a first step, and its core commitments expire in 2012. This book addresses three questions which will be central to any new climate agreement. What is the most effective overall legal and institutional architecture for successful and equitable climate politics? What role should non-state actors play, including multinational corporations, non-governmental organizations, public–private partnerships and market mechanisms in general? How can we deal with the growing challenge of adapting our existing institutions to a substantially warmer world? This important resource offers policy practitioners in-depth qualitative and quantitative assessments of the costs and benefits of various policy options, and also offers academics from wide-ranging disciplines insight into innovative interdisciplinary approaches towards international climate negotiations.
There is increasing consensus that climate change is real and that its causes and impacts must be governed for the purpose of preserving the environment and life on earth. Climate change has many dimensions and root causes, several of which require concerted cross-border and supra-national strategies and action plans. This is evidenced by the burgeoning global climate law and governance regime and associated literature. While climate change has always been perceived as being a global environmental issue, the immediate impacts of climate change are decidedly localised. It is pertinent that national governments must design and implement domestic strategies and action plans to facilitate necessary adaptation measures while simultaneously taking measures towards the mitigation of climate change. Published in loose-leaf format and updated annually, Climate Change: Law and Governance in South Africa provides a comprehensive analysis of climate change, the relevant laws and policies and their intersection with international governance structures.
Climate change mitigation -- Renewable energy policies -- Greenhouse gas -- Renewable energy.
According to the contributors of this volume, a wide range of options in addition to the Kyoto Protocol need to be considered to promote long-term climate protection and bridge the growing divide among nations over how to take action. This compilation explores some of the best alternatives, with special attention to options that promote participation by both industrialized and developing countries.