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Based on years of research conducted at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Low-Energy Lunar Trajectory Design provides high-level information to mission managers and detailed information to mission designers about low-energy transfers between Earth and the moon. The book answers high-level questions about the availability and performance of such transfers in any given month and year. Low-energy lunar transfers are compared with various other types of transfers, and placed within the context of historical missions. Using this book, designers may reconstruct any transfer described therein, as well as design similar transfers with particular design parameters. An Appendix, “Locating the Lagrange Points,” and a useful list of terms and constants completes this technical reference. Surveys thousands of possible trajectories that may be used to transfer spacecraft between Earth and the moon, including transfers to lunar libration orbits, low lunar orbits, and the lunar surface Provides information about the methods, models, and tools used to design low-energy lunar transfers Includes discussion about the variations of these transfers from one month to the next, and the important operational aspects of implementing a low-energy lunar transfer Additional discussions address navigation, station-keeping, and spacecraft systems issues
New to this Edition! A new chapter on the Night Sky urges students to become "backyard astronomers" and observe the sky on multiple clear nights while taking note of the patterns of the positions of stars and planets.New to this
The discovery of a gradual acceleration in the moon’s mean motion by Edmond Halley in the last decade of the seventeenth century led to a revival of interest in reports of astronomical observations from antiquity. These observations provided the only means to study the moon’s ‘secular acceleration’, as this newly-discovered acceleration became known. This book contains the first detailed study of the use of ancient and medieval astronomical observations in order to investigate the moon’s secular acceleration from its discovery by Halley to the establishment of the magnitude of the acceleration by Richard Dunthorne, Tobias Mayer and Jérôme Lalande in the 1740s and 1750s. Making extensive use of previously unstudied manuscripts, this work shows how different astronomers used the same small body of preserved ancient observations in different ways in their work on the secular acceleration. In addition, this work looks at the wider context of the study of the moon’s secular acceleration, including its use in debates of biblical chronology, whether the heavens were made up of æther, and the use of astronomy in determining geographical longitude. It also discusses wider issues of the perceptions and knowledge of ancient and medieval astronomy in the early-modern period. This book will be of interest to historians of astronomy, astronomers and historians of the ancient world.
Authoritative reference covering essential concepts of orbital mechanics and explaining how they relate to advanced space trajectory applications Space Trajectories is the first book to offer a comprehensive exploration of orbital mechanics and trajectory optimization in a single volume. Beginning with a review of essential concepts, the book progresses to advanced space applications, highlighting methods used in today's space missions. The contents are organized into three parts. The first part delves into free orbital motion, covering topics such as Keplerian motion, perturbed motion, the three-body problem, orbit determination, and collision risks in orbit. The second part focuses on controlled orbital motion, discussing impulsive transfer, orbital rendezvous, thrust level optimization, low-thrust transfer, and space debris cleaning. The third part examines ascent and reentry, including launch into orbit, launcher staging, analytical solutions in flat Earth, interplanetary missions, and atmospheric reentry. Each chapter is written in a modular way, featuring conclusion summaries, key points, and suggestions for further investigation. Examples are included with detailed solutions methods that readers can apply to solve their own trajectory problems. Written by an expert of the topic who has performed guidance of Ariane launchers for 30 years, Space Trajectories includes information on: Keplerian motion, motion time law, universal formulation, equinoctial parameters, and Lagrange coefficients Osculating orbit, Gauss equations, gravitational and third body perturbations, Lissajous and Halo orbits, and invariant manifolds Astrometry measurements, Kalman filtering, orbit uncertainties, and collision probability Transfer in one, two, or three impulses, minimum-energy transfer, Lambert's problem, high- and low-thrust transfer, and interplanetary path Launch and reentry trajectories, propulsion systems, optimized thrust profiles, and launcher staging Space Trajectories is an essential reference for students and researchers aiming to quickly understand the main issues in astrodynamics and the way to design trajectories, as well as space engineers seeking to consolidate their knowledge in the field of optimization and optimal control applied to aerospace and space missions.
"Hominids, " the first book of the Neanderthal Parallax, is a story of parallel worlds: this one, and another in which Neanderthals become the dominant intelligent species.
Following the Glorious Revolution, the supporters of the House of Stuart, known as Jacobites, could be found throughout the British Isles. The Scottish county of Angus, or Forfarshire, made a significant contribution to the Jacobite armies of 1715 and 1745. David Dobson has compiled a list of about 900 persons--including not only soldiers but also civilians who lent crucial support to the rebellion. Arranged alphabetically, the entries always give the full name of the Jacobite, his occupation, his rank, date of service and unit (if military), and, sometimes, the individual's date of birth, the names of his parents, a specific place of origin, and a wide range of destinations to which the Jacobites fled after each of the failed insurrections.
Internal structure and strength of Moon, Mars, Venus, and Mercury.