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The field of structural optimization is still a relatively new field undergoing rapid changes in methods and focus. Until recently there was a severe imbalance between the enormous amount of literature on the subject, and the paucity of applications to practical design problems. This imbalance is being gradually redressed now. There is still no shortage of new publications, but there are also exciting applications of the methods of structural optimizations in the automotive, aerospace, civil engineering, machine design and other engineering fields. As a result of the growing pace of applications, research into structural optimization methods is increasingly driven by real-life problems. Most engineers who design structures employ complex general-purpose software packages for structural analysis. Often they do not have any access to the source the details of program, and even more frequently they have only scant knowledge of the structural analysis algorithms used in this software packages. Therefore the major challenge faced by researchers in structural optimization is to develop methods that are suitable for use with such software packages. Another major challenge is the high computational cost associated with the analysis of many complex real-life problems. In many cases the engineer who has the task of designing a structure cannot afford to analyze it more than a handful of times.
This monograph is intended to provide a snapshot of the status and opportunities for advan cement in the technologies of dynamics and control oflarge flexible spacecraft structures. It is a reflection ofthe serious dialog and assessments going on all over the world,across a wide variety of scientific and technical disciplines, as we contemplate the next major milestone in mankind's romance with space: the transition from exploration and experimentation to commercial and defense exploitation. This exploitation is already in full swing in the space communications area. Both military and civilian objectives are being pursued with increasingly more sophisticated systems such as large antenna reflectors with active shape control. Both the NATO and Warsaw pact alliances are pursuing permanent space stations in orbit: large structural systems whose development calls for in-situ fabrication and/or assembly and whose operation will demand innovations in controls technology. The last ten years have witnessed a fairly brisk research activity in the dynamics and control oflarge space structures in orderto establish a technology base forthe development of advanced spacecraft systems envisioned for the future. They have spanned a wide spectrum of activity from fundamental methods development to systems concept studies and laboratory experimentation and demonstrations. Some flight experiments have also been conducted for various purposes such as the characterization of the space enviroment, durability of materials and devices in that environment, assembly and repair operations, and the dynamic behavior of flexible structures. It is this last area that has prompted this monogram.
Theory of Adaptive Structures provides the basic theory for controlling adaptive structures in static and dynamic environments. It synthesizes well-established theories on modern control as well as statics and dynamics of deformable bodies. Discussions concentrate on the discrete parameter adaptive structures dealing with actuator placement, actuator selection, and actuation computation problems - keeping these structures at close proximity of any chosen nominal state with the least energy consumption. An introduction to the distributed parameter adaptive structures is also provided. The book follows that modern trend in research and industry striving to incorporate intelligence into engineered products through microprocessors that are becoming smaller, faster, and cheaper at astounding rates. Not using them in engineered products may become an enormous liability. Resulting from the advances in materials technology on sensors and actuator technologies as well as the availability of very powerful and reliable microprocessors, there is an ever-increasing interest in actively controlling the behavior of engineering systems. Engineers and engineering scientists must revive and broaden their activities to maximize applications for predicting and controlling the behavior of deformable bodies. Topics include: An introduction to adaptive structures Incremental excitation-response relations in static and dynamic cases Active control of response in static case Statically determinate adaptive structures Statically indeterminate adaptive structures Active vibration control for autonomous and non-autonomous cases Active control against wind Active control against seismic loads Distributed parameter adaptive structures The technology of adaptive structures has created an environment where the analysis, not the computation, of structural response - du