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The United States faces substantial challenges to its security, freedom, and prosperity. Transnational terrorism, continued proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD), asymmetric warfare, extremist movements, and failed states present severe challenges to a just and stable international order. Our ability to meet these challenges is threatened by the intelligence activities of traditional and non-traditional adversaries. Our adversaries - foreign intelligence services, terrorists, foreign criminal enterprises and cyber intruders - use overt, covert, and clandestine activities to exploit and undermine US national security interests. Counterintelligence is one of several instruments of national power that can thwart such activities, but its effectiveness depends in many respects on co-ordination with other elements of government and with the private sector. During the Cold War, our nation's adversaries gained access to vital secrets of the most closely guarded institutions of our national security establishment and penetrated virtually all organisations of the US intelligence and defence communities. The resulting losses produced grave damage to our national security in terms of secrets compromised, intelligence sources degraded, and lives lost, and would have been catastrophic had we been at war. Today we are engaged in a war, fighting terrorists who have invaded our nation's shores and threaten Americans and our allies around the world. In this struggle - which has cultural, economic, diplomatic, and political as well as military dimensions - the potential consequences of counterintelligence failures can be immediate and devastating, putting in jeopardy our nation's vital information, infrastructure, military forces and a wide range of US interests, technologies and personnel around the world. In the wake of the attacks of September 11, 2001, the counterintelligence community has begun to evolve from a confederation toward a unified enterprise able to bring the full range of counterintelligence capabilities to bear on national issues. The Counterintelligence Enhancement Act of 2002, as amended, and the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 accelerated this evolution and charged the National Counterintelligence Executive (NCIX) with producing this National Counterintelligence Strategy and providing the President with reports on its implementation. Yet much remains undone. Continuing the process of integrating counterintelligence activities is an urgent national requirement. The counterintelligence community must do this through increasingly rigorous policy, doctrine, standards, and technology, and by aligning policy and practice with the budgetary and operational priorities of the Director of National Intelligence (DNI). Counterintelligence activities must be orchestrated and integrated to better protect America's secrets and vital assets while providing incisive intelligence to national security decision makers. The counterintelligence capabilities of the United States evolved over time to fit the shape and mission of the disparate institutions that controlled them. Taken individually, these capabilities do not provide a response equal to the breadth of the threats arrayed against the nation, and they have not always functioned cohesively in support of focused national priorities.
A comprehensive review of U.S. Intelligence. The result of a 12 month study; testimony was taken from 84 witnesses and an additional 200 people were interviewed. Covers: the role of intelligence; the need for policy guidelines; the need for a coordinated response to global crime; the CIA; improving intelligence analysis; military intelligence; space reconnaissance and the management of technical collection; international cooperation; cost of intelligence; accountability and oversight, and more. Evolution of the U.S. intelligence community, an historical overview.
This volume discusses the challenges the future holds for different aspects of the intelligence process and for organisations working in the field. The main focus of Western intelligence services is no longer on the intentions and capabilities of the Soviet Union and its allies. Instead, at present, there is a plethora of threats and problems that deserve attention. Some of these problems are short-term and potentially acute, such as terrorism. Others, such as the exhaustion of natural resources, are longer-term and by nature often more difficult to foresee in their implications. This book analyses the different activities that make up the intelligence process, or the ‘intelligence cycle’, with a focus on changes brought about by external developments in the international arena, such as technology and security threats. Drawing together a range of key thinkers in the field, The Future of Intelligence examines possible scenarios for future developments, including estimations about their plausibility, and the possible consequences for the functioning of intelligence and security services. This book will be of much interest to students of intelligence studies, strategic studies, foreign policy, security studies and IR in general.
Offers a new model of intelligence analysis, the Mosaic Method, which capitalises on both the strengths and the weaknesses of the information revolution. Written by the former CEO of Jane's Information group, it presents analysis of current and past intelligence methods alongside fresh ideas and approaches for the future.
"Published in cooperation with NATO Public Diplomacy Division."
“A comprehensive exploration of spying in its myriad forms from the Bible to the present day . . . Easy to dip into, and surprisingly funny.” —Ben Macintyre in The New York Times Book Review The history of espionage is far older than any of today’s intelligence agencies, yet largely forgotten. The codebreakers at Bletchley Park, the most successful WWII intelligence agency, were completely unaware that their predecessors had broken the codes of Napoleon during the Napoleonic wars and those of Spain before the Spanish Armada. Those who do not understand past mistakes are likely to repeat them. Intelligence is a prime example. At the outbreak of WWI, the grasp of intelligence shown by US President Woodrow Wilson and British Prime Minister Herbert Asquith was not in the same class as that of George Washington during the Revolutionary War and eighteenth-century British statesmen. In the first global history of espionage ever written, distinguished historian and New York Times–bestselling author Christopher Andrew recovers much of the lost intelligence history of the past three millennia—and shows us its continuing relevance. “Accurate, comprehensive, digestible and startling . . . a stellar achievement.” —Edward Lucas, The Times “For anyone with a taste for wide-ranging and shrewdly gossipy history—or, for that matter, for anyone with a taste for spy stories—Andrew’s is one of the most entertaining books of the past few years.” —Adam Gopnik, The New Yorker “Remarkable for its scope and delightful for its unpredictable comparisons . . . there are important lessons for spymasters everywhere in this breathtaking and brilliant book.” —Richard J. Aldrich, Times Literary Supplement “Fans of Fleming and Furst will delight in this skillfully related true-fact side of the story.” —Kirkus Reviews “A crowning triumph of one of the most adventurous scholars of the security world.” —Financial Times Includes illustrations
The preface to this U.S. Army manual (FM 34-60) states: ?This field manual (FM) provides guidance to commanders, counterintelligence (CI) agents, and analysts. The first four chapters provide information to the commander and staff while the remainder provides the tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTP) required to aggressively identify, neutralize, and exploit foreign intelligence attempts to conduct operations against the United States (US) Army. CI supports Army operations by providing a clear picture of the threat to commands at all echelons and actions required to protect the force from exploitation by foreign intelligence. CI operations include conducting investigations, offensive and defensive operations, security and vulnerability analyses, and intelligence collection in peace and at all levels of conflict to support command needs. CI supports the total intelligence process by focusing on foreign intelligence collection efforts. CI is designed to provide commanders the enemy intelligence collection situation and targeting information in order to counter foreign intelligence service (FIS) activities. CI is an integral part of the US Army?s all-source intelligence capability. By its nature, CI is a multidiscipline effort that includes counter-human intelligence (C-HUMINT), counter-signals intelligence (C-SIGINT), and counter-imagery intelligence (C-IMINT) designed to counter foreign all-source collection. The CI force in conjunction with other intelligence assets must have the capability to detect all aspects of intelligence collection and related activities that pose a threat to the security of Army operations, personnel, and materiel. Through its database (friendly and adversary) and analytical capability, CI provides sound recommendations, which if implemented, will result in the denial of information to the threat. It should be noted that any decision regarding the implementation of CI recommendations aimed at denying collection opportunities to the adversary is a command decision. The commander may decide to accept the risk of enemy collection in favor of time, resources, or other higher priority considerations. At that point, the CI mission is considered to be successful because it is a tool of the commander. This manual is designed for use by commanders and their staffs; all military intelligence (Ml) commanders, their staffs, and trainers; and Ml personnel at all echelons. It applies equally to the Active Army, United States Army Reserve (USAR), and Army National Guard (ARNG). It is also intended for commanders and staffs of joint and combined commands, United States Naval and Marine Forces, units of the US Air Force, and the military forces of allied countries.?
The author explores the centrality of Human Intelligence (HUMINT) in meeting the needs of the U.S. Army, the Department of Defense, and the whole of government. Such intelligence is essential to create a national security strategy, to define whole of government policies, to acquire the right capabilities at the right price in time to be useful, and to conduct local and global operations. He outlines 15 distinct types of HUMINT, four of which are classified (defensive and offensive counterintelligence, clandestine operations, and covert action), with the other 11 being predominantly unclassified. The author offers the U.S. Army an orientation to a world in which thinkers displace shooters as the center of gravity for planning, programming, and budgeting, as well as the proper structuring of mission mandates, force structures, and tactics and techniques to be used in any given mission area.