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How are the Great Lakes doing and what progress are we making in protecting and restoring them? These are two of the most frequently asked questions about the largest source of surface fresh water in the world. Unfortunately, we do not have simple answers for them. With the tremendous efforts and resources invested in restoration by governments, the private sector, and non-profit organizations in the United States and Canada over the past 40 years, we need to be able to respond much more clearly and definitively in the future. Recognizing this, the International Joint Commission (IJC) through its Science Advisory Board and Water Quality Board initiated a project to put the Great Lakes community in a position to respond. The focus of the work is to identify a limited number of ecosystem indicators especially important to the health of the Great Lakes basin ecosystem and which tell us the most about it. Extensive work has been done over the years to measure the condition of the Lakes as part of the State of the Lakes Ecosystem Conference (SOLEC), and this work will form the basis for many of the indicators. What is being done now is selecting "the fewest that tell us the most." The need for key indicators is even greater now with a new Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement (the Agreement) between the United States and Canada. The two countries have determined that we should be able to drink the water, eat the fish, and swim at the beaches. To assess progress toward these goals and the overall condition of the Lakes, the indicators presented in this report are aligned with the chemical, physical and biological integrity framework included in the Agreement. The focus here is on ecological indicators. Indicators for public health will be covered in a separate, but related, report.
This is a print on demand edition of a hard to find publication. Report of a survey conducted by the EPA and its state and tribal partners of the nation's lakes, ponds and reservoirs. This National Lakes Assessment is designed to provide statistically valid regional and national estimates of the condition of lakes. It uses a probability-based sampling design to represent the condition of all lakes in similar regions sharing similar ecological characteristics. Consistent sampling and analytical procedures ensure that the results can be compared across the country. The National Lakes Assessment helps build state and tribal capacity for monitoring and assessment and promotes collaboration across jurisdictional boundaries in the assessment of water quality. Charts and tables.
This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International licence. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. In Canada many public projects, programs, and services perform well, and many are very successful. However, these cases are consistently underexposed and understudied in the policy literature which, for various reasons, tends to focus on policy mistakes and learning from failures rather than successes. In fact, studies of public policy successes are rare not just in Canada, but the world over, although this has started to change (McConnell, 2010, 2017; Compton & 't Hart, 2019; Luetjens, Mintrom & 't Hart, 2019). Like those publications, the aims of Policy Success in Canada are to see, describe, acknowledge, and promote learning from past and present instances of highly effective and highly valued public policymaking. This exercise will be done through detailed examination of selected case studies of policy success in different eras, governments, and policy domains in Canada. This book project is embedded in a broader project led by 't Hart and OUP exploring policy successes globally and regionally. It is envisaged as a companion volume to OUP's 2019 offering Great Policy Successes (Compton and 't Hart, 2019) and to Successful Public Policy in the Nordic Countries (de La Porte et al, 2022). This present volume provides an opportunity to analyze what is similar and distinctive about introducing and implementing successful public policy in one of the world's most politically decentralized and regionally diverse federation and oldest democratic polities.
Sustainable and Circular Management of Resources and Waste Towards a Green Deal highlights the importance of resource recovery, phosphorus management, climate action, clean energy transition, and a circular economy. The world is facing significant challenges, including climate disruption, environmental changes, pollution, and population explosion. Sustainable management of finite natural resources within the carrying capacity of the bio-geo-hydrosphere is the crux of transforming the global economy for a sustainable future. Moreover, keeping raw materials in circulation as long as possible and minimizing the amount of waste generated has grown in significance as a part of transitioning to a circular economy (CE) model. Introduces innovative solutions in green energy transition Provides case studies as examples of a circular economy implementation in selected sectors of the economy, including water and wastewater, raw materials, and construction Suggests actions to counteract climate change and its consequences for people and the planet