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"TRB's Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Report 90: Impact of Regulatory Compliance Costs on Small Airports explores the cumulative costs of complying with regulatory and other federal requirements at small hub and non-hub airports."--Publisher's description.
"TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 446: Use of Advance Geospatial Data, Tools, Technologies, and Information in Department of Transportation Projects that explores the development, documentation, and introduction of advanced geospatial technologies within departments of transportation.The report also provides a discussion of strengths and weaknesses of leading technologies, and how they are being used today." -- Publisher's description.
For many outside of the scientific community, big data and the forms it takes, such as statistical lists, spreadsheets and graphs, often seem abstract and unintelligible. This book investigates how digital fabrication and traditional making approaches are being used to present data in newly engaging and interesting ways. The first part of the book introduces the basic premise of the data object and the concept of making digital data into a physical form. Contributors cover topics such as biometrics, new technology, the economics of data and open and community uses of data. The second part presents a selection of exemplar forms and contexts for the application of data-objects, such as smart surfaces, smart cities, augmented reality techniques and next generation technical interfaces that blend physical and digital elements. Making Data delivers the importance and likely future prevalence of physical representations of data. It explores the creative methods, processes, theories and cultural histories of making physical representations of information and proposes that the making of data into physical objects is the next important development in the data visualisation phenomenon.
"TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 744: Fuel Usage Factors in Highway and Bridge Construction includes fuel usage factors for work items in the construction and maintenance of highways and bridges. The report includes the Price Adjustment Calculator Tool, a Microsoft Excel® spreadsheet, designed to assist in the calculation of payment adjustments for construction projects using fuel price indices or fuel prices. Appendixes B, C, and D were not included in the print or PDF version of the report, however, they are downloadable from the following links: Appendix B - Outreach Plan. Appendix C - PowerPoint® Presentation and Speaker Notes. Appendix D - News Brief"--Publisher description.
Although the phenomenon of authoritarian elections has been a focal point for the literature on authoritarian institutions for more than a decade, our understanding of the effect of authoritarian elections is still limited. Combining evidence from cross-national studies with studies on selected cases relying on recent field work, this book suggests a solution to the "paradox of authoritarian elections". Rather than focusing on authoritarian elections as a uniform phenomenon, it focuses on the differing conditions under which authoritarian elections occur. It demonstrates that the capacities available to authoritarian rulers shape the effect of elections and high levels of state capacity and control over the economy increase the probability that authoritarian multi-party elections will stabilize the regime. Where these capacities are limited, the regime is more likely to succumb in the face of elections. The findings imply that although multi-party competition and state strength may be important prerequisites for democracy, they can under some circumstances obstruct democratization by preventing the demise of dictatorships. This text will be of key interest to scholars, students and practitioners of democratization, and to those who study autocracy and electoral authoritarianism, as well as comparative politics more broadly.
"TRB's National Cooperative Freight Research Program (NCFRP) Report 22: Freight Data Cost Elements identifies the specific types of direct freight transportation cost data elements required for public investment, policy, and regulatory decisionmaking. The report also describes and assesses different strategies for identifying and obtaining the needed cost data elements"--Publisher's description.