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Prior to the 1820s, the main form of commercial transportation in America was steamboats, which were able to move large quantities of freight and passengers. When the first railroads were built, they were initially seen as a novelty. But a handful of visionaries believed that railroads could transform the way business was conducted and create new opportunities for both established companies and independent entrepreneurs. In the 1840s and the 1850s, the railroad industry would experience tremendous growth and become the primary means of moving goods throughout the United States. Expansion of the rail system stimulated the economy, promoted manufacturing, and turned railroads into one of the most valuable industries in the world, making their owners millionaires and industrial–age power brokers in the process. Railroads also helped make America one of the most dominant economic powers in the world.
This book offers an account of the experiences of an ordinary family in County Kerry, Ireland, from 1840 to 1850. It contains letters that include details of the lives of family members and neighbours, reports of weather, agriculture, and local events and economy, along with commentary on matters of national importance.
This collection probes the troubling connections between war and republic during Revolutionary era, 1776-1840. It presents the work of an international team of scholars, some of them in English for the first time.
Photography emerged in 1839 in two forms simultaneously. In France, Louis Daguerre produced photographs on silvered sheets of copper, while in Great Britain, William Henry Fox Talbot put forward a method of capturing an image on ordinary writing paper treated with chemicals. Talbot’s invention, a paper negative from which any number of positive prints could be made, became the progenitor of virtually all photography carried out before the digital age. Talbot named his perfected invention "calotype," a term based on the Greek word for beauty. Calotypes were characterized by a capacity for subtle tonal distinctions, massing of light and shadow, and softness of detail. In the 1840s, amateur photographers in Britain responded with enthusiasm to the challenges posed by the new medium. Their subjects were wide-ranging, including landscapes and nature studies, architecture, and portraits. Glass-negative photography, which appeared in 1851, was based on the same principles as the paper negative but yielded a sharper picture, and quickly gained popularity. Despite the rise of glass negatives in commercial photography, many gentlemen of leisure and learning continued to use paper negatives into the 1850s and 1860s. These amateurs did not seek the widespread distribution and international reputation pursued by their commercial counterparts, nearly all of whom favored glass negatives. As a result, many of these calotype works were produced in a small number of prints for friends and fellow photographers or for a family album. This richly illustrated, landmark publication tells the first full history of the calotype, embedding it in the context of Britain’s changing fortunes, intricate class structure, ever-growing industrialization, and the new spirit under Queen Victoria. Of the 118 early photographs presented here in meticulously printed plates, many have never before been published or exhibited.
The first volume contains articles on a variety of areas including Jewish involvement in the War of Independence and in the American Revolution, the New York Jewish Community of the time and a look at the Dutch and English Jews of the period.
U.S. History is designed to meet the scope and sequence requirements of most introductory courses. The text provides a balanced approach to U.S. history, considering the people, events, and ideas that have shaped the United States from both the top down (politics, economics, diplomacy) and bottom up (eyewitness accounts, lived experience). U.S. History covers key forces that form the American experience, with particular attention to issues of race, class, and gender.
"One hundred and fifty years ago Elizabeth Smith, the Scottish-born wife of a west Wicklow landlord, was keeping a daily record of household, local, national and even international events, written primarily for her children when they grew up. The views expressed are therefore totally frank and uninhibited ... [it gives] a contemporary account of everyday life in mid-nineteenth century Ireland."--Back cover.
The violence, wonder, and nostalgia of voyaging are nowhere more vivid than in the literature of South Seas exploration. Preserving the Self in the South Seas charts the sensibilities of the lonely figures that encountered the new and exotic in terra incognita. Jonathan Lamb introduces us to the writings of South Seas explorers, and finds in them unexpected and poignant tales of selves alarmed and transformed. Lamb contends that European exploration of the South Seas was less confident and mindful than we have assumed. It was, instead, conducted in moods of distraction and infatuation that were hard to make sense of and difficult to narrate, and it prompted reactions among indigenous peoples that were equally passionate and irregular. Preserving the Self in the South Seas also examines these common crises of exploration in the context of a metropolitan audience that eagerly consumed narratives of the Pacific while doubting their truth. Lamb considers why these halting and incredible journals were so popular with the reading public, and suggests that they dramatized anxieties and bafflements rankling at the heart of commercial society.