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This text contains papers from the 13th Lighter-Than-Air Systems Technology Conference and AIAA International Balloon Technology Conference.
An aerial robot is a system capable of sustained flight with no direct human control and able to perform a specific task. A lighter than air robot is an aerial robot that relies on the static lift to balance its own weight. It can also be defined as a lighter than air unmanned aerial vehicle or an unmanned airship with sufficient autonomy. Lighter than air systems are particularly appealing since the energy to keep them airborne is small. They are increasingly considered for various tasks such as monitoring, surveillance, advertising, freight carrier, transportation. This book familiarizes readers with a hierarchical decoupled planning and control strategy that has been proven efficient through research. It is made up of a hierarchy of modules with well defined functions operating at a variety of rates, linked together from top to bottom. The outer loop, closed periodically, consists of a discrete search that produces a set of waypoints leading to the goal while avoiding obstacles and weighed regions. The second level smoothes this set so that the generated paths are feasible given the vehicle's velocity and accelerations limits. The third level generates flyable, timed trajectories and the last one is the tracking controller that attempts to minimize the error between the robot measured trajectory and the reference trajectory. This hierarchy is reflected in the structure and content of the book. Topics treated are: Modelling, Flight Planning, Trajectory Design and Control. Finally, some actual projects are described in the appendix. This volume will prove useful for researchers and practitioners working in Robotics and Automation, Aerospace Technology, Control and Artificial Intelligence.
Engineered Biomimicry covers a broad range of research topics in the emerging discipline of biomimicry. Biologically inspired science and technology, using the principles of math and physics, has led to the development of products as ubiquitous as VelcroTM (modeled after the spiny hooks on plant seeds and fruits). Readers will learn to take ideas and concepts like this from nature, implement them in research, and understand and explain diverse phenomena and their related functions. From bioinspired computing and medical products to biomimetic applications like artificial muscles, MEMS, textiles and vision sensors, Engineered Biomimicry explores a wide range of technologies informed by living natural systems. Engineered Biomimicry helps physicists, engineers and material scientists seek solutions in nature to the most pressing technical problems of our times, while providing a solid understanding of the important role of biophysics. Some physical applications include adhesion superhydrophobicity and self-cleaning, structural coloration, photonic devices, biomaterials and composite materials, sensor systems, robotics and locomotion, and ultra-lightweight structures. - Explores biomimicry, a fast-growing, cross-disciplinary field in which researchers study biological activities in nature to make critical advancements in science and engineering - Introduces bioinspiration, biomimetics, and bioreplication, and provides biological background and practical applications for each - Cutting-edge topics include bio-inspired robotics, microflyers, surface modification and more
This chapter describes recent developments in the area of manmade microflyers. The design space for microflyers is described, along with fundamental physical limits to miniaturizing mechanisms, energy storage, and electronics. Aspects of aerodynamics at the scale of microflyers are discussed. Microflyer concepts developed by a number of researchers are described in detail. Because the focus is on bioinspiration and biomimetics, scaled-down versions of conventional aircraft, such as fixed-wing micro air vehicles and micro-helicopters, are not addressed. Modeling of the aeromechanics of flapping wing microflyers is described with an illustrative example. Finally, some of the sensing mechanisms used by natural flyers are discussed.
This book provides state-of-the-art scientific and engineering research findings and developments in the area of mobile robotics and associated support technologies. The book contains peer reviewed articles presented at the CLAWAR 2010 conference. Robots are no longer confined to industrial manufacturing environments. A great deal of interest is invested in the use of robots outside the factory environment. The CLAWAR conference series, established as a high profile international event, acts as a platform for dissemination of research and development findings and supports such a trend to address the current interest in mobile robotics to meet the needs of mankind in various sectors of the society. These include personal care, public health, and services in the domestic, public and industrial environments. The editors of the book have extensive research experience and publications in the area of robotics in general and in mobile robotics specifically, and their experience is reflected in editing the contents of the book.
Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries provide an alternative to lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries and are showing promise for providing much higher energy densities. Systems utilizing Li-S batteries are presently under development and early stages of commercialization. This technology is being developed in order to provide higher, safer levels of energy at significantly lower costs. Lithium-Sulfur Batteries: Advances in High-Energy Density Batteries addresses various aspects of the current research in the field of sulfur cathodes and lithium metal anode including abundance, system voltage, and capacity. In addition, it provides insights into the basic challenges faced by the system. The book includes novel strategies to prevent polysulfide dissolution in sulfur-based systems while also exploring new materials systems as anodes preventing dendrite formation in Li metal anodes. - Provides insight into the basic challenges faced by the materials system - Discusses additives and suppressants to prevent dissolution of electrolyes - Includes a review of the safety limitations associated with this technology - Incorporates a historical perspective into the development of lithium-sulfur batteries
This book offers a timely overview of nonlinear control methods applied to a set of vehicles and their applications to study vehicle dynamics. The first part on the book presents the mathematical models used for describing motion of three class of vehicles such as underwater vehicles, hovercrafts and airships. In turn, each model is expressed in terms of Inertial Quasi-Velocities. Various control strategies from the literature, including model-free ones, are then analyzed. The second part and core of the book guides readers to developing model-based control algorithms using Inertial Quasi-Velocities. Both non-adaptive and adaptive versions are covered. Each controller is validated through simulation tests, which are reported in detail. In turn, this part shows how to use the controllers to gain information about vehicle dynamics, thus describing an important relationship between the dynamics of the moving object and its motion control. The effects of mechanical couplings between variables describing vehicle motion due to inertial forces are also discussed. All in all, this book offers a timely guide and extensive information on nonlinear control schemes for unmanned marine and aerial vehicles. It covers specifically the simulation tests and is therefore meant as a starting point for engineers and researchers that would like to verify experimentally the suitability of the proposed models in real vehicles. Further, it also supports advanced-level students and educators in their courses on vehicle dynamics, control engineering and robotics.