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This Book Covers The Following Topics: 01. What are Adjectives? 02. 10,000 Useful Adjectives 03. Types of Adjectives 04. Degrees of Adjectives 05. Formation of Adjectives 05a. Using ‘Prefixes and Suffixes’ 05b. Using ‘Combining Forms’ 05c. Using ‘Word + To/And + Word’ 05d. Using ‘Nouns/Verbs/Other Adjectives’ 05e. Using ‘Adverbs’ 06. Important Notes Sample This: What are Adjectives?: Adjectives are words that modify or describe nouns. An adjective can be put before a noun. This is called attributive position. An adjective can also be put after the verb to be (is/are/am/was/were) or verb of sense (look/feel/taste/smell etc.). This is called the predicative position. 10,000 Useful Adjectives: | NOTE: All of the following words are definitely used as adjectives, but many of them can also be used as nouns, verbs, etc. || Useful Adjectives -- ‘A’--- 1. abandoned, 2. abashed, 3. aberrant, 4. abhorrent, 5. abiding, 6. ablaze, 7. able, 8. able-bodied, 9. abnormal, 10. abominable, 11. abortive, 12. above, 13. above board, 14. above-mentioned, 15. abrasive, 16. abrupt, 17. absent, 18. absent-minded, 19. absolute, 20. absorbable, 21. absorbed, 22. absorbent, 23. absorbing, 24. abstemious, 25. abstracted, 26. abundant, 27. abusive, 28. abysmal, 29. academic, 30. academically bright, 31. accented, 32. acceptable, 33. accessible, 34. accessory, 35. accidental, 36. accident-prone, 37. accommodating, 38. accomplished, 39. accountable, 40. accredited, 41. accumulative, 42. accurate, 43. accursed, 44. accusatory, 45. accusing, 46. accustomed, 47. achievable, 48. achy, 49. acidic, 50. acne-prone, 51. acoustic, 52. acoustical, 53. acquainted, 54. acquisitive, 55. acrimonious, 56. acrobatic, 57. acrylic, 58. acting, 59. actionable, 60. action-oriented, 61. action-packed, 62. active, 63. actively zealous, 64. actual, 65. acute, 66. acutely conscious, 67. acyclic, 68. adamant, 69. adamantine, 70. adaptable, 71. adaptive, 72. addicted, 73. addiction-related, 74. addictive, 75. additional, 76. addressable, 77. adept, 78. adhesive, 79. adjacent, 80. adjustable, 81. administrative, 82. admirable, 83. admissible, 84. adopted, 85. adoptive, 86. adorable, 87. adoring, 88. adrift, 89. adroit, 90. adult, 91. adulterous, 92. adult-oriented, 93. advanced, 94. advancing, 95. advantaged, 96. advantageous, 97. adventitious, 98. adventure-loving, 99. adventuresome, 100. adventurous, 101. adverbial, 102. adversarial, 103. adverse, 104. adversely hit, 105. advisable, 106. advisory, 107. aerial, 108. aerobic, 109. aeronautical, 110. aesthetic, 111. aesthetical, 112. aesthetically designed, 113. affable, 114. affected, 115. affective, 116. affiliated, 117. affirmative, 118. affluent, 119. affordable, 120. afloat, 121. afoot, 122. aforementioned, 123. aforethought, 124. afraid, 125. African, 126. after, 127. aged, 128. ageing, 129. ageless, 130. age-old, 131. age-related, 132. agglomerate, 133. agglutinative, 134. aggravated, 135. aggregate, 136. aggressive, 137. aggrieved, 138. aghast, 139. agitated, 140. aglow, 141. agog, 142. agonized, 143. agonizing, 144. agrarian, 145. agreeable, 146. agriculture-related, 147. ailing, 148. aimless, 149. airborne, 150. air-conditioned, 151. air-cooled, 152. air-filled, 153. airless, 154. airsick, 155. airtight, 156. air-to-air, 157. air-to-ground, 158. air-to-surface, 159. airworthy, 160. airy, 161. airy-fairy, 162. ajar, 163. alarmed, 164. alarming, 165. alarmist, 166. alcohol-fuelled, 167. alcoholic, 168. alert, 169. alfresco, 170. algae-infested, 171. algae-ridden, 172. algebraic, 173. alien, 174. alight, 175. alike, 176. alive, 177. alkaline, 178. all-action, 179. all-around, 180. all-consuming, 181. allergic, 182. allied, 183. alligator-infested, 184. all-important, 185. all-in, 186. all-inclusive, 187. all-night, 188. all-or-nothing, 189. all-out, 190. all-over, 191. allowable, 192. all-party, 193. all-powerful, 194. all-purpose, 195. all-star, 196. all-ticket, 197. alluring, 198. allusive, 199. alluvial, 200. all-weather
This book covers the following topics: 01. What are Adjectives? --- 02. 10,000 Useful Adjectives --- 03. Types of Adjectives --- 04. Degrees of Adjectives --- 05. Formation of Adjectives --- 05a. Using 'Prefixes and Suffixes' --- 05b. Using 'Combining Forms' --- 05c. Using 'Word + To/And + Word' --- 05d. Using 'Nouns/Verbs/Other Adjectives' --- 05e. Using 'Adverbs' --- 06. Important Notes ----- Sample This: What are Adjectives? : Adjectives are words that modify or describe nouns. An adjective can be put before a noun. This is called attributive position. An adjective can also be put after the verb to be (is/are/am/was/were) or verb of sense (look/feel/taste/smell etc.). This is called the predicative position. ----- 10,000 Useful Adjectives: --- NOTE: All of the following words are definitely used as adjectives, but many of them can also be used as nouns, verbs, etc. ----- Useful Adjectives -- 'A'--- 1. abandoned, 2. abashed, 3. aberrant, 4. abhorrent, 5. abiding, 6. ablaze, 7. able, 8. able-bodied, 9. abnormal, 10. abominable, 11. abortive, 12. above, 13. above board, 14. above-mentioned, 15. abrasive, 16. abrupt, 17. absent, 18. absent-minded, 19. absolute, 20. absorbable, 21. absorbed, 22. absorbent, 23. absorbing, 24. abstemious, 25. abstracted, 26. abundant, 27. abusive, 28. abysmal, 29. academic, 30. academically bright, 31. accented, 32. acceptable, 33. accessible, 34. accessory, 35. accidental, 36. accident-prone, 37. accommodating, 38. accomplished, 39. accountable, 40. accredited, 41. accumulative, 42. accurate, 43. accursed, 44. accusatory, 45. accusing, 46. accustomed, 47. achievable, 48. achy, 49. acidic, 50. acne-prone, 51. acoustic, 52. acoustical, 53. acquainted, 54. acquisitive, 55. acrimonious, 56. acrobatic, 57. acrylic, 58. acting, 59. actionable, 60. action-oriented, 61. action-packed, 62. active, 63. actively zealous, 64. actual, 65. acute, 66. acutely conscious, 67. acyclic, 68. adamant, 69. adamantine, 70. adaptable, 71. adaptive, 72. addicted, 73. addiction-related, 74. addictive, 75. additional, 76. addressable, 77. adept, 78. adhesive, 79. adjacent, 80. adjustable, 81. administrative, 82. admirable, 83. admissible, 84. adopted, 85. adoptive, 86. adorable, 87. adoring, 88. adrift, 89. adroit, 90. adult, 91. adulterous, 92. adult-oriented, 93. advanced, 94. advancing, 95. advantaged, 96. advantageous, 97. adventitious, 98. adventure-loving, 99. adventuresome, 100. adventurous, 101. adverbial, 102. adversarial, 103. adverse, 104. adversely hit, 105. advisable, 106. advisory, 107. aerial, 108. aerobic, 109. aeronautical, 110. aesthetic, 111. aesthetical, 112. aesthetically designed, 113. affable, 114. affected, 115. affective, 116. affiliated, 117. affirmative, 118. affluent, 119. affordable, 120. afloat, 121. afoot, 122. aforementioned, 123. aforethought, 124. afraid, 125. African, 126. after, 127. aged, 128. ageing, 129. ageless, 130. age-old, 131. age-related, 132. agglomerate, 133. agglutinative, 134. aggravated, 135. aggregate, 136. aggressive, 137. aggrieved, 138. aghast, 139. agitated, 140. aglow, 141. agog, 142. agonized, 143. agonizing, 144. agrarian, 145. agreeable, 146. agriculture-related, 147. ailing, 148. aimless, 149. airborne, 150. air-conditioned, 151. air-cooled, 152. air-filled, 153. airless, 154. airsick, 155. airtight, 156. air-to-air, 157. air-to-ground, 158. air-to-surface, 159. airworthy, 160. airy, 161. airy-fairy, 162. ajar, 163. alarmed, 164. alarming, 165. alarmist, 166. alcohol-fuelled, 167. alcoholic, 168. alert, 169. alfresco, 170. algae-infested, 171. algae-ridden, 172. algebraic, 173. alien, 174. alight, 175. alike, 176. alive, 177. alkaline, 178. all-action, 179. all-around, 180. all-consuming, 181. allergic, 182. allied, 183. alligator-infested, 184. all-important, 185. all-in, 186. all-inclusive, 187. all-night, 188. all-or-nothing, 189. all-out, 190. all-over, 191. allowable, 192. all-party, 193. all-powerful, 194. all-purpose, 195. all-star
This volume offers a state-of-the-art picture of work undertaken in the field of computer-aided corpus linguistics. While the focus is on English, central insights can be generalised to other languages, as well. As a work intended to mark the Silver Jubilee of ICAME, the International Computer Archive of Modern and Medieval English, the book combines surveys of the discipline by some of its major pioneers, including founders of ICAME itself, with cutting-edge work by younger scholars. It is divided into three sections: “Overviewing years of corpus linguistic studies”, “Descriptive studies in English syntax and semantics”, and “Second Language Acquisition, parallel corpora and specialist corpora”. The book bears witness to the impressive advances that have characterised the development of corpus linguistics over the past few decades – from terminological issues to practical applications, from theoretical and descriptive research to applied approaches, from monolingual to multilingual and specialist corpora, from corpus design to corpus exploitation tools.
Collocations Dictionary | 6000 Useful Collocations | Example Sentences of Collocations | Collocation exercises A collocation is a combination of words that are often used together and sound natural together J.R. Firth, a British linguist first used the term "collocation" in its linguistic sense. These combinations are natural and sound "right" to native English speakers. In contrast, other combinations may be unnatural and sound "wrong". You should say "light rainfall" and not "skinny rainfall" You should say "take a printout" and not "perform a printout" You should say "dog barks” and not “dog yells” You should say "don’t commit a crime” and not “don’t do a crime” You should say "sweet memory” and not “syrupy memory” You should say "strong criticism and not “muscular criticism” Types of Collocations Some verbs often have particular adverbs, nouns or prepositions which regularly collocate with them. Likewise, some adjectives often have particular adverbs, nouns or prepositions which regularly collocate with them. Similarly, some nouns often have particular adjectives, adverbs or prepositions which regularly collocate with them. Following are the main types of collocations: 01. adjective + noun collocations (e.g.: bright future) 02. adjective + preposition collocations (a). adjective + about (e.g.: sure about) (b). adjective + at (e.g.: skilled at) (c). adjective + by (e.g.: shocked by) (d). adjective + for (e.g.: famous for) (e). adjective + from (e.g.: different from) (f). adjective + in (e.g.: fluent in) (g). adjective + of (e.g.: aware of) (j). adjective + on/upon (e.g.: intent on) (i). adjective + to (e.g.: answerable to) (j). adjective + with (e.g.: impatient with) 03. adverb + adjective collocations (e.g.: keenly awaited) 04. adverb + noun collocations (e.g.: timely justice) 05. adverb + preposition (from/of) collocations (e.g.: far from) 06. adverb + verb collocations (e.g.: legally entitle) 07. noun + adjective collocations (e.g.: disease-free) 08. noun + noun collocations (e.g.: awareness rally) 09. noun + preposition collocations (a). noun + about (e.g.: confusion about) (b). noun + against (e.g.: crime against) (c). noun + at (e.g.: displeasure at) (d). noun + between (e.g.: connection between) (e). noun + for (e.g.: approval for) (f). noun + from (e.g.: exclusion from) (g). noun + in (e.g.: expert in) (h). noun + into (e.g.: influx into) (i). noun + on/upon (e.g.: consent on) (j). noun + of (e.g.: decline of) (k). noun + to (e.g.: attempt to) (l). noun + towards (e.g.: tendency towards) (m). noun + with (e.g.: discussion with) 10. noun + verb collocations (e.g.: lions roar) 11. verb + adverb collocations (e.g.: decide fast) 12. verb + noun collocations (e.g.: feed the bird) 13. verb + preposition collocations (a). verb + about (e.g.: argue about) (b). verb + against (e.g.: conspire against) (c). verb + at (e.g.: excel at) (d). verb + between (e.g.: mediate between) (e). verb + by (e.g.: increase by) (f). verb + for (e.g.: appear for) (g). verb + from (e.g.: build from) (h). verb + in (e.g.: dissolve in) (i). verb + into (e.g.: carve into) (j). verb + of (e.g.: disapprove of) (k). verb + off (e.g.: drain off) (l). verb + on/upon (e.g.: chew on) (m). verb + out (e.g.: straighten out) (n). verb + to (e.g.: apply to) (o). verb + with (e.g.: bargain with) 14. other useful collocations (a). adjective + adjective (e.g.: cool-headed) (b). adjective + adverb (e.g.: close together) (c). adverb + adverb (e.g.: almost certainly) (d). noun + adverb (e.g.: environment-friendly) (e). verb + adjective (e.g.: remain courageous)
A verb can be described as transitive or intransitive based on whether it requires an object to express a complete thought or not. A transitive verb is a verb that requires (takes or allows) an object to receive the action. “Object” may be in the form of a noun, phrase, or pronoun that refers to the person or thing that is affected by the action of the verb. A sentence with a transitive verb can generally be changed into passive voice (however, sometimes a transitive verb cannot be used in the passive voice). A transitive verb can’t stand alone with only a subject. An intransitive verb does not take an object. However, there may take prepositional phrases or adverbs. Adding adverbs or prepositional phrases modifies the verb but doesn’t change its meaning. A sentence with an intransitive verb can never be changed into a passive voice. Some verbs have multiple meanings and can be transitive or intransitive, depending on the sense in which they are used. In some instances, a verb may require an object, while in others it does not require an object. Based on their transitive or/and intransitive uses, verbs may be categorized as follows: 01. Verbs that are usually used only transitively for all their meanings/senses. 02. Verbs that are usually used only intransitively for all their meanings/senses. 03. Verbs that are usually used both transitively and intransitively for all their meanings/senses. 04. Verbs that are used only transitively for one or more particular meanings/senses but also used only intransitively for one or more particular meanings/senses. 05. Verbs that are used only transitively for one or more particular meanings/senses but also used both transitively and intransitively for one or more particular meanings/senses. 06. Verbs that are used only intransitively for one or more particular meanings/senses but also used both transitively and intransitively for one or more particular meanings/senses. 07. Verbs that are used only transitively for one or more particular meanings/senses but also used only intransitively for one or more particular meanings/senses and also used both transitively and intransitively for one or more particular meanings/senses. You will find the detailed list of verbs under each of these 7 categories. (Very Important Note: Verbs have been generally categorized based on their usual meanings/senses. You may find some variation with the other resources.) In this book, you will find the list of transitive verbs that may take two objects. You will also find the list of transitive and intransitive verbs that are used with prepositional phrases or adverbs. Following are some verbs that are usually used only transitively for all their meanings/senses: abandon / abase / typecast / typeset / outrun / rerun / overlay / underpay / misspend / rend / withhold / behold / outgrow / befall / underlie / outdo / abbreviate / abduct / abet / abhor / abolish / abominate / abrade / abridge / abrogate / absent / absolve / absorb / abstract / abuse / accent / accentuate / access / accompany / accomplish / accost / account / accredit / accuse / acquaint / acquire / acquit / action / actuate / addle / address / adduce / adjudge / adjure / administer / admire / adore / adorn / adulterate / adumbrate / advantage / advocate / aerate / affect / affirm Following are some Verbs that are usually used only intransitively for all their meanings/senses: abscond / abseil / abstain / accede / acquiesce / adhere / alight / amble / apologize / fall / dwell / appeal / appear / arc / arise / arrive / aspire / assent / atone / atrophy / augur / backfire / backpack / back-pedal / backspace / backtrack / balloon / banter / barf / bargain / barrel / bask / bay / beef / beetle / belly / bellyache / belong / bet / bicker / bicycle / bifurcate / billet / billow / binge / biodegrade / bitch / bivouac / blabber / blare
A few years ago, a magazine sponsored a contest for the comment most likely to end a conversation. The winning entry? "I teach English grammar." Just throw that line out at a party; everyone around you will clam up or start saying "whom." Why does grammar make everyone so nervous? Probably because English teachers, for decades – no, for centuries – have been making a big deal out of grammar in classrooms, diagramming sentences and drilling the parts of speech, clauses, and verbals into students until they beg for mercy. Happily, you don't have to learn all those technical terms of English grammar – and you certainly don't have to diagram sentences – in order to speak and write correct English. So rest assured – English Grammar For Dummies will probably never make your English teacher's top-ten list of must-read books, because you won't have to diagram a single sentence. What you will discover are fun and easy strategies that can help you when you're faced with such grammatical dilemmas as the choice between "I" and "me," "had gone" and "went," and "who" and "whom." With English Grammar For Dummies, you won't have to memorize a long list of meaningless rules (well, maybe a couple in the punctuation chapter!), because when you understand the reason for a particular word choice, you'll pick the correct word automatically. English Grammar For Dummies covers many other topics as well, such as the following: Verbs, adjectives, and adverbs – oh my! Preposition propositions and pronoun pronouncements Punctuation: The lowdown on periods, commas, colons, and all those other squiggly marks Possession: It's nine-tenths of grammatical law Avoiding those double negative vibes How to spice up really boring sentences (like this one) Top Ten lists on improving your proofreading skills and ways to learn better grammar Just think how improving your speaking and writing skills will help you in everyday situations, such as writing a paper for school, giving a presentation to your company's big wigs, or communicating effectively with your family. You will not only gain the confidence in knowing you're speaking or writing well, but you'll also make a good impression on those around you!
(abridged and revised) This reference grammar offers intermediate and advanced students a reason ably comprehensive guide to the morphology and syntax of educated speech and plain prose in Spain and Latin America at the end of the twentieth century. Spanish is the main, usually the sole official language of twenty-one countries,} and it is set fair to overtake English by the year 2000 in numbers 2 of native speakers. This vast geographical and political diversity ensures that Spanish is a good deal less unified than French, German or even English, the latter more or less internationally standardized according to either American or British norms. Until the 1960s, the criteria of internationally correct Spanish were dictated by the Real Academia Espanola, but the prestige of this institution has now sunk so low that its most solemn decrees are hardly taken seriously - witness the fate of the spelling reforms listed in the Nuevas normas de prosodia y ortograjia, which were supposed to come into force in all Spanish-speaking countries in 1959 and, nearly forty years later, are still selectively ignored by publishers and literate persons everywhere. The fact is that in Spanish 'correctness' is nowadays decided, as it is in all living languages, by the consensus of native speakers; but consensus about linguistic usage is obviously difficult to achieve between more than twenty independent, widely scattered and sometimes mutually hostile countries. Peninsular Spanish is itself in flux.
Starting at the very basics and working its way up to important language constructions, "An introduction to Japanese" offers beginning students, as well as those doing self-study, a comprehensive grammar for the Japanese language. Oriented towards the serious learner, there are no shortcuts in this book: no romanised Japanese for ease of reading beyond the introduction, no pretending that Japanese grammar maps perfectly to English grammar, and no simplified terminology. In return, this book explains Japanese the way one may find it taught at universities, covering everything from basic to intermediary Japanese, and even touching on some of the more advanced constructions.
This Book Covers The Following Topics: (I). What are Nouns (II). Types of Nouns -- A. Proper Noun B. Common Noun C. Collective Noun D. Material Noun E. Abstract Noun F. Concrete Noun G. Compound Noun H-1. Countable Noun -- Singular Noun H-2. Countable Noun -- Plural Noun I. Uncountable or Mass Noun J. Possessive Noun (III-A). Countable & Uncountable Nouns - Categorization 1. always countable (both singular & plural) no uncountable 2. always uncountable no countable 3A. uncountable + countable (both singular & plural) 3B. uncountable + singular 4A. always singular no plural 4B. always plural no singular 5A. (a). uncountable (b). countable (both singular & plural) 5B. (a). countable (singular and plural) (b). singular 5C. (a). countable (singular and plural) (b). plural 5D. (a). countable (singular and plural) (b). singular (c) plural 5E. (a). always uncountable (b). always singular 5F. (a). always uncountable (b). always plural 6. (a). uncountable and countable (singular as well as plural) (b). countable (singular as well as plural) 7. (a). uncountable (b). uncountable + countable (singular as well as plural) 8A. (a). uncountable (b). countable (singular as well as plural) (c). uncountable + countable (singular as well as plural) 8B. (a). uncountable (b). countable (both singular and plural) (c). singular 8C. (a). uncountable (b). countable (both singular and plural) (c). plural 9A-1. countable: usually singular 9A-2. uncountable + usually singular 9A-3. (a). uncountable (b). usually singular 9A-4. (a). uncountable (b). usually plural 9A-5. (a). usually singular (b). countable (both singular and plural) 9B-1. countable: usually plural 9B-2. (a). usually plural (b). countable (both singular and plural) 9C. (a). always singular (b). always plural 9D. (a). 'usually singular' (b). 'usually plural' 9E. Miscellaneous Patterns 10. Additional Countable and Uncountable Nouns (III-B). Nouns with Singular/Plural Verbs -- 1. uncountable noun + singular/plural verb 2. singular noun + singular/plural verb 3. countable noun (in singular form) + singular/plural verb (III-C1). Formation of Plural Nouns -- (1). REGULAR PLURAL NOUNS (2). IRREGULAR PLURAL NOUNS- (A). "-y" is changed into "-ies" (B). "-f" and "-fe" is changed into "-ves" (C). "-is" is changed into "-es" (D). "-um" is changed into "-a" (E). "-us" is changed into "-i" (F). "-on/-ian" is changed into "-a" (G). "-ax" / "-ex" is changed into "-ices" (H1). Compound words without dashes (H2). Compound words with dashes (H3). Compound words with a verb (H4). Double Plural (I). "-a" is sometimes changed into "-ae" (J). Change of vowel(s) (J1). "-an" is changed into "-en" (J2). "-oo" is changed into "-ee" (J3). "-o" is changed into "-i" (J4). "-u" is changed into "-ux" (K). Irregular Nouns That Do Not Change When Made Plural (L). Irregular Nouns That Change Substantially (M). Other Irregular Plural Nouns (III-C2). Formation of Nouns from Other Parts of Speech C2-a. Formation of Nouns from Other Nouns C2-b. Formation of Nouns from Adjectives C2-c. Formation of Nouns from Verbs (IV). Nouns and Genders