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UGC NET JRF Commerce Examination Best Strategy to Crack JRF - Step 1: Solve PYQP Unit Wise: Unit-wise, Year-wise previous questions (last 10 Question Sets) to check the level of examination and your preparation; Step 2: Solve Practice Set: Chapter-wise, Subject wise to enhance your knowledge and level of your preparation; Step 3: Solve Test Paper - Unit-Wise: (5 Test Paper for each unit) to check your level of preparation; Step 4: Solve the Actual Previous year's Question Paper: To check your time management, and your examination strategy, with multiple revisions of the whole syllabus; Step 5: Appear in Mock Test (20 Mock Test) to check final preparation level and reduce examination phobia; Step 6: Appear in the Actual examination without tension and crack the examination with good marks and rank ;
UGC NTA NET JRF Commerce Previous Year Papers 2011 Onwards Table of Contents 1. UGC NTA NET EXAM DECEMBER -2018 COMMERCE - II SOLVED PAPER 2. UGC CBSE NET EXAM JULY-2018 COMMERCE - II SOLVED PAPER 3. UGC CBSE NET EXAM NOVEMBER-2017 COMMERCE - II SOLVED PAPER 4. UGC CBSE NET EXAM NOVEMBER-2017 COMMERCE - III SOLVED PAPER 5. UGC CBSE NET EXAM JANUARY-2017 COMMERCE - II SOLVED PAPER 6. UGC CBSE NET EXAM JANUARY-2017 COMMERCE - III SOLVED PAPER 7. UGC CBSE NET EXAM JULY-2016 COMMERCE - II SOLVED PAPER 8. UGC CBSE NET EXAM JULY-2016 COMMERCE - III SOLVED PAPER 9. UGC CBSE NET EXAM DECEMBER -2015 COMMERCE - II SOLVED PAPER 10. UGC CBSE NET EXAM DECEMBER -2015 COMMERCE - III SOLVED PAPER 11. UGC CBSE NET EXAM JUNE-2015 COMMERCE - II SOLVED PAPER 12. UGC CBSE NET EXAM JUNE-2015 COMMERCE - III SOLVED PAPER 13. UGC CBSE NET EXAM DECEMBER -2014 COMMERCE - II SOLVED PAPER 14. UGC CBSE NET EXAM DECEMBER -2014 COMMERCE - III SOLVED PAPER 15. UGC NET EXAM JUNE-2014 COMMERCE - II SOLVED PAPER 16. UGC NET EXAM JUNE-2014 COMMERCE - III SOLVED PAPER 17. UGC NET EXAM DECEMBER -2013 COMMERCE - II SOLVED PAPER 18. UGC NET EXAM DECEMBER -2013 COMMERCE - III SOLVED PAPER 19. UGC NET EXAM JUNE-2013 COMMERCE - II SOLVED PAPER 20. UGC NET EXAM JUNE-2013 COMMERCE - III SOLVED PAPER 21. UGC NET EXAM DECEMBER -2012 COMMERCE - II SOLVED PAPER 22. UGC NET EXAM DECEMBER -2012 COMMERCE - III SOLVED PAPER 23. UGC NET EXAM JUNE-2012 COMMERCE - II SOLVED PAPER 24. UGC NET EXAM JUNE-2012 COMMERCE - III SOLVED PAPER 25. UGC NET EXAM DECEMBER -2011 COMMERCE - II SOLVED PAPER 26. UGC NET EXAM JUNE-2011 COMMERCE - II SOLVED PAPER UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION NET BUREAU NET SYLLABUS Subject: Commerce Code No. : 08 Unit 1: Business Environment and International Business Unit 2: Accounting and Auditing Unit 3: Business Economics Unit 4: Business Finance Unit 5: Business Statistics and Research Methods Unit 6: Business Management and Human Resource Management Unit 7: Banking and Financial Institutions Unit 8: Marketing Management Unit 9: Legal Aspects of Business Unit 10: Income-tax and Corporate Tax Planning Unit 1: Business Environment and International Business  Concepts and elements of business environment: Economic environment- Economic systems, Economic policies(Monetary and fiscal policies); Political environment- Role of government in business; Legal environment- Consumer Protection Act, FEMA; Socio-cultural factors and their influence on business; Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)  Scope and importance of international business; Globalization and its drivers; Modes of entry into international business  Theories of international trade; Government intervention in international trade; Tariff and non-tariff barriers; India’s foreign trade policy  Foreign direct investment (FDI) and Foreign portfolio investment (FPI); Types of FDI, Costs and benefits of FDI to home and host countries; Trends in FDI; India’s FDI policy  Balance of payments (BOP): Importance and components of BOP  Regional Economic Integration: Levels of Regional Economic Integration; Trade creation and diversion effects; Regional Trade Agreements: European Union (EU), ASEAN, SAARC, NAFTA  International Economic institutions: IMF, World Bank, UNCTAD  World Trade Organisation (WTO): Functions and objectives of WTO; Agriculture Agreement; GATS; TRIPS; TRIMS Unit 2: Accounting and Auditing  Basic accounting principles; concepts and postulates  Partnership Accounts: Admission, Retirement, Death, Dissolution and Insolvency of partnership firms  Corporate Accounting: Issue, forfeiture and reissue of shares; Liquidation of companies; Acquisition, merger, amalgamation and reconstruction of companies  Holding company accounts  Cost and Management Accounting: Marginal costing and Break-even analysis; Standard costing; Budgetary control; Process costing; Activity Based Costing (ABC); Costing for decision-making; Life cycle costing, Target costing, Kaizen costing and JIT  Financial Statements Analysis: Ratio analysis; Funds flow Analysis; Cash flow analysis  Human Resources Accounting; Inflation Accounting; Environmental Accounting  Indian Accounting Standards and IFRS  Auditing: Independent financial audit; Vouching; Verification ad valuation of assets and liabilities; Audit of financial statements and audit report; Cost audit  Recent Trends in Auditing: Management audit; Energy audit; Environment audit; Systems audit; Safety audit Unit 3: Business Economics  Meaning and scope of business economics  Objectives of business firms  Demand analysis: Law of demand; Elasticity of demand and its measurement; Relationship between AR and MR  Consumer behavior: Utility analysis; Indifference curve analysis  Law of Variable Proportions: Law of Returns to Scale  Theory of cost: Short-run and long-run cost curves  Price determination under different market forms: Perfect competition; Monopolistic competition; Oligopoly- Price leadership model; Monopoly; Price discrimination  Pricing strategies: Price skimming; Price penetration; Peak load pricing Unit 4: Business Finance  Scope and sources of finance; Lease financing  Cost of capital and time value of money  Capital structure  Capital budgeting decisions: Conventional and scientific techniques of capital budgeting analysis  Working capital management; Dividend decision: Theories and policies  Risk and return analysis; Asset securitization  International monetary system  Foreign exchange market; Exchange rate risk and hedging techniques  International financial markets and instruments: Euro currency; GDRs; ADRs  International arbitrage; Multinational capital budgeting Unit 5: Business Statistics and Research Methods  Measures of central tendency  Measures of dispersion  Measures of skewness  Correlation and regression of two variables  Probability: Approaches to probability; Bayes’ theorem  Probability distributions: Binomial, poisson and normal distributions  Research: Concept and types; Research designs  Data: Collection and classification of data  Sampling and estimation: Concepts; Methods of sampling - probability and non-probability methods; Sampling distribution; Central limit theorem; Standard error; Statistical estimation  Hypothesis testing: z-test; t-test; ANOVA; Chi–square test; Mann-Whitney test (U-test); Kruskal-Wallis test (H-test); Rank correlation test  Report writing Unit 6: Business Management and Human Resource Management  Principles and functions of management  Organization structure: Formal and informal organizations; Span of control  Responsibility and authority: Delegation of authority and decentralization  Motivation and leadership: Concept and theories  Corporate governance and business ethics  Human resource management: Concept, role and functions of HRM; Human resource planning; Recruitment and selection; Training and development; Succession planning  Compensation management: Job evaluation; Incentives and fringe benefits  Performance appraisal including 360 degree performance appraisal  Collective bargaining and workers’ participation in management  Personality: Perception; Attitudes; Emotions; Group dynamics; Power and politics; Conflict and negotiation; Stress management  Organizational Culture: Organizational development and organizational change Unit 7: Banking and Financial Institutions  Overview of Indian financial system  Types of banks: Commercial banks; Regional Rural Banks (RRBs); Foreign banks; Cooperative banks  Reserve Bank of India: Functions; Role and monetary policy management  Banking sector reforms in India: Basel norms; Risk management; NPA management  Financial markets: Money market; Capital market; Government securities market  Financial Institutions: Development Finance Institutions (DFIs); Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs); Mutual Funds; Pension Funds  Financial Regulators in India  Financial sector reforms including financial inclusion  Digitisation of banking and other financial services: Internet banking; mobile banking; Digital payments systems  Insurance: Types of insurance- Life and Non-life insurance; Risk classification and management; Factors limiting the insurability of risk; Re-insurance; Regulatory framework of insurance- IRDA and its role Unit 8: Marketing Management  Marketing: Concept and approaches; Marketing channels; Marketing mix; Strategic marketing planning; Market segmentation, targeting and positioning  Product decisions: Concept; Product line; Product mix decisions; Product life cycle; New product development  Pricing decisions: Factors affecting price determination; Pricing policies and strategies  Promotion decisions: Role of promotion in marketing; Promotion methods - Advertising; Personal selling; Publicity; Sales promotion tools and techniques; Promotion mix  Distribution decisions: Channels of distribution; Channel management  Consumer Behaviour; Consumer buying process; factors influencing consumer buying decisions  Service marketing  Trends in marketing: Social marketing; Online marketing; Green marketing; Direct marketing; Rural marketing; CRM  Logistics management Unit 9: Legal Aspects of Business  Indian Contract Act, 1872: Elements of a valid contract; Capacity of parties; Free consent; Discharge of a contract; Breach of contract and remedies against breach; Quasi contracts;  Special contracts: Contracts of indemnity and guarantee; contracts of bailment and pledge; Contracts of agency  Sale of Goods Act, 1930: Sale and agreement to sell; Doctrine of Caveat Emptor; Rights of unpaid seller and rights of buyer  Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881: Types of negotiable instruments; Negotiation and assignment; Dishonour and discharge of negotiable instruments  The Companies Act, 2013: Nature and kinds of companies; Company formation; Management, meetings and winding up of a joint stock company  Limited Liability Partnership: Structure and procedure of formation of LLP in India  The Competition Act, 2002: Objectives and main provisions  The Information Technology Act, 2000: Objectives and main provisions; Cyber crimes and penalties  The RTI Act, 2005: Objectives and main provisions  Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) : Patents, trademarks and copyrights; Emerging issues in intellectual property  Goods and Services Tax (GST): Objectives and main provisions; Benefits of GST; Implementation mechanism; Working of dual GST Unit 10: Income-tax and Corporate Tax Planning  Income-tax: Basic concepts; Residential status and tax incidence; Exempted incomes; Agricultural income; Computation of taxable income under various heads; Deductions from Gross total income; Assessment of Individuals; Clubbing of incomes  International Taxation: Double taxation and its avoidance mechanism; Transfer pricing  Corporate Tax Planning: Concepts and significance of corporate tax planning; Tax avoidance versus tax evasion; Techniques of corporate tax planning; Tax considerations in specific business situations: Make or buy decisions; Own or lease an asset; Retain; Renewal or replacement of asset; Shut down or continue operations  Deduction and collection of tax at source; Advance payment of tax; E-filing of income-tax returns
University Grants Commission National Eligibility Test (UGC NET) is a national level test which is held twice in a year by Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) on behalf of UGC. This test is for Junior Research fellowship (JRF) and Assistant Professor or for both in Indian Colleges & Universities. UGC NET Examination consists of 2 papers: Paper -1 is compulsory for all students and Paper -2 is related to candidates' Post Graduation Subject. NTA UGC NET/ JRF/ SET- ECONOMICS paper 2 book is designed according to the latest pattern and syllabus of the UGC NET applicable from June 2019 Examination. It covers all the aspects and concepts of Economics in detail that are mention in the book, completely covers whole syllabus in chapter wise manner which are divided into 10 units with more than 4000 multiple choice questions for thorough practice, also includes previous years' questions, 3 model papers as per the examination pattern and 3 Solved Papers: Solved Paper 2019 (June), Solved Paper 2018 (December) and Solved Paper 2018 (July), . All these features will make it a ladder of success in the preparation and will open great future possibilities for the aspirants. S TABLE OF CONTENTS Solved Paper 2019 (June), Solved Paper 2018 (December), Solved Paper 2018 (July), Unit I: Micro Economics, Unit II: Macro Economics, Unit III: Statistics and Econometrics, Unit IV: Mathematical Economics, Unit V: International Economics, Unit VI: Public Economics, Unit VII: Money and Banking, Unit VIII: Growth and Development Economics, Unit IX: Environmental Economics and Demography, Unit X: Indian Economy, Model Papers (1-3).
Part A : From 2005 June to 2011 December 2005 June Paper II: 4-07 2005 December Paper II: 08-11 2006 June Paper II: 12-16 2006 December Paper II: 17-22 2007 June Paper II: 23-26 2007 December Paper II: 27-30 2008 June Paper II: 31-35 2008 December Paper II: 36-40 2009 June Paper II: 41-44 2009 December Paper II: 45-48 2010 June Paper II: 49-53 2010 December Paper II: 54-58 2011 June Paper II: 59-63 2011 December Paper II: 64-68 Part B : From 2012 June to 2023 March 2012 June Paper II : 5-9 2012 June Paper III: 10-16 2012 December Paper II : 17-21 2012 December Paper III : 22-27 2013 June Paper II: 28-32 2013 June Paper III : 33-41 2013September Paper II : 42-47 2013 September Paper III :48-55 2013 December Paper II: 56-60 2013 December Paper III :61-69 2014 June Paper II: 70-75 2014 June Paper III : 76-83 2014 December Paper II : 84-88 2014 December Paper III :89-97 2015 June Paper II :98-103 2015 June Paper III :104-112 2015 December Paper II :113-118 2015 December Paper III :119-127 2016 July Paper II: 128-134 2016 July Paper III: 135-145 2016 September Paper II :146-153 2016 September Paper III: 154-164 2017 January Paper II: 165-172 2017 January Paper III :173-183 2017 November Paper II: 184-192 2017 November Paper III: 193-206 2018 July Paper II: 207-221 2018 December Paper II: 222-237 2019 June Paper II: 238-249 2019 December Paper II: 250-263 2020 October Shift I : 264-277 2020 October Shift II: 278-290 2021, 25th November Shift I: 291-304 2021, 25th November Shift II : 305-319 2021, 26th November Shift I : 320-334 2022, 29th September Shift I: 335-349 2022, 29th September Shift II : 350-364 2022, 14th October Shift I: 365-380 2023, 4th March Shift I : 381-394 2023, 4th March Shift II :395-408
This comprehensive book is specially developed for the candidates of CBSE-UGC-NET: Commerce Exam. This book includes Previous Papers (Solved) for the purpose of practice of questions based on the latest pattern of the examination. Detailed Explanatory Answers have also been provided for the selected questions for Better Understanding of the Candidates
This report proposes more resources be devoted to education, nationally and internationally, and for international cooperation in education with UNESCO as a key player.
A thorough and incisive introduction to contemporary India The story of the forging of India, the world's largest democracy, is a rich and inspiring one. This volume, a sequel to the best-selling India's Struggle for Independence, analyses the challenges India has faced and the successes it has achieved, in the light of its colonial legacy and century-long struggle for freedom. The book describes how the Constitution was framed, as also how the Nehruvian political and economic agenda and basics of foreign policy were evolved and developed. It dwells on the consolidation of the nation, examining contentious issues like party politics in the Centre and the states, the Punjab problem, and anti-caste politics and untouchability. This revised edition offers a scathing analysis of the growth of communalism in India and the use of state power in furthering its cause. It also documents the fall of the National Democratic Alliance in the 2004 General Elections, the United Progressive Alliance's subsequent rise to power and the Indo-US Nuclear Deal that served to unravel the political consensus at the centre. Apart from detailed analyses of Indian economic reforms since 1991 and wide-ranging land reforms and the Green Revolution, this new edition includes an overview of the Indian economy in the new millennium. These, along with objective assessments of Jawaharlal Nehru, Indira Gandhi, Jayaprakash Narayan, Lal Bahadur Shastri, Rajiv Gandhi, Vishwanath Pratap Singh, Atal Bihari Vajpayee and Manmohan Singh, constitute a remarkable overview of a nation on the move.